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    典型黑土区不同水土保持树种的非结构性碳水化合物特征及种间差异

    Non-structural carbohydrate allocation and interspecific differences of different soil and water conservation tree species in typical black soil region

      摘要
    • 摘要:
        目的  探究典型黑土区主要水土保持树种的非结构性碳水化合物（NSC）在器官水平的分配规律及其种间差异，以期为水土保持植物的科学选择与培育提供理论依据。
        方法  选取典型黑土区5种水土保持树种（小叶锦鸡儿、榆叶梅、白桦、糖槭和红皮云杉）作为研究对象，采集植物叶片、枝条、干材、树皮及树根，测定并比较各器官可溶性糖、淀粉及总NSC的含量。
        结果  （1）NSC含量在树种和器官之间均差异显著（P < 0.05）。5种树种中叶和根的NSC含量较高，树干中可溶性糖含量最低，根中淀粉含量最高，叶片中含量最低。红皮云杉叶和枝的可溶性糖含量显著高于其他树种，糖槭干和根淀粉含量和NSC显著高于其他树种。（2）不同生活型树种的NSC及其组分的含量和分配也有明显差异，乔木叶片的可溶性糖和NSC含量高于灌木，乔木淀粉含量均表现为落叶树种大于常绿树种。（3）红皮云杉将更多的NSC分配到地上部分，榆叶梅将更多的NSC分配到地下部分。（4）落叶灌木将大多数的NSC分配到细根和中根上，乔木（红皮云杉）选择将细根作为根系储存NSC的主要组织。
        结论  可溶性糖和淀粉在各器官中分配不同，叶和根分别是非结构性碳水化合物的合成与储存结构，乔木树的NSC分配利于叶片碳同化和光合作用。在5种树种中，红皮云杉、榆叶梅和糖槭均具有抗旱性，此外，红皮云杉还具有良好的耐寒性，可以更好地适应低温干旱的生长环境，因此红皮云杉、榆叶梅和糖槭是研究区域适应能力相对较强的水土保持树种。

       

      Abstract:
        Objective  This paper aims to investigate the distribution of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in major soil and water conservation tree species in typical black soil region and their interspecific differences at organ level.
        Method  Five species of soil and water conservation trees (Caragana microphylla, Amygdalus triloba, Betula platyphylla, Acer negundo and Picea koraiensis) were selected as the research objects, the concentrations of soluble sugar, starch and total non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) in different organs were determined and compared.
        Result  Within the same tree species, the concentration of NSC and its components in different organs had significant differences (P < 0.05). The mean concentration of soluble sugar in leaves was the highest, and that in trunk was the lowest. The mean concentration of starch and NSC in roots was the highest. The average concentrations of soluble sugar and NSC in shrub leaves were lower than those in trees, and the average concentrations of starch and NSC in deciduous roots were higher than those in evergreen trees. Evergreen trees (Picea koraiensis) allocated more NSC in the aboveground part, while deciduous tree species (Amygdalus triloba, Betula platyphylla, Acer negundo) allocated more NSC in the underground part. Deciduous shrub species (Caragana microphylla and Amygdalus triloba) were chosen to allocate most NSC to fine roots and medium roots, deciduous trees (Betula platyphylla and Acer negundo) were chosen to allocate most NSC to coarse roots, and evergreen trees (Picea koraiensis) were chosen to fine roots as the main tissue for storing NSC.
        Conclusion  Acer negundo is not suitable for afforestation in arid area, but Picea koraiensis can be afforested under different site conditions. This study analyzed and compared the NSC allocation strategies of five species, reflecting the growth adaptation strategies of soil and water conservation species, in order to provide theoretical basis for scientific selection and cultivation of soil and water conservation plants.

       

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