北京市城镇化地区植物多样性评价

刘浩; 崔岳铭; 王磊; 张丹棵; 刘雪花; 张钢民

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210257

北京市城镇化地区植物多样性评价

doi: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210257

北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院，北京 100083

基金项目: 生态环境部“生物多样性调查评估”项目（2019HJ2096001006）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘浩。主要研究方向：区域植物多样性。Email：469631280@qq.com　地址：100083 北京市海淀区清华东路35号北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院

责任作者:
张钢民，教授，博士生导师。主要研究方向：植物分类和区域植物多样性。Email：gary1967@bjfu.edu.cn　地址：同上

中图分类号: S731.2；Q948.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-09
- 修回日期: 2022-03-14
- 录用日期: 2022-03-14
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-17
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-25

Evaluation on plant diversity in urbanization area of Beijing City

School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 目的植物多样性是人类赖以生存和发展的基础，也是城市生态系统的重要组成部分。应对目前缺乏对城镇化地区植物多样性的评价标准，本研究尝试建立适合北京市城镇化地区的植物多样性评价体系。方法以北京市城镇化程度较高的9个区为评价单元，通过历史相关资料收集并结合重点区域野外调查的方法，选取维管植物丰富度、生态系统类型多样性、物种特有性、外来物种入侵度、城市绿地率和古树名木丰富度6项评价指标，构建北京市城镇化地区的植物多样性评价体系，参考生态环境部颁布的区域多样性评价标准并结合专家意见确定各指标权重。结果研究范围内的9个区植物多样性指数均相对较高，其中海淀88.39、石景山61.69、顺义60.30、丰台49.75、朝阳42.33、大兴42.01、通州41.55和东、西城区38.14。海淀、石景山和顺义植物多样性评价等级为“优”，其他区的评价等级均为“良”，植物多样性较丰富。结论以区为单元构建适用于城镇化地区植物多样性的评价体系，在一定程度上可以反映北京市城镇化地区植物多样性的整体分布情况。评价结果为各区生态文明建设考核的量化指标，同时为北京市生物多样性的保护和管理提供科学依据。建议将来以区域网格（10 km × 10 km）为评价单元，不断优化评价体系的各项指标，这样得到的评价结果应该更为公正、可靠，使得后期保护措施的操作性更强。
- 北京市 /
- 植物多样性 /
- 多样性评价 /
- 指标体系 /
- 城镇化地区
Abstract: Objective Plant diversity is not only the basis of human survival and development, but also an important part of urban ecosystem. In view of the lack of evaluation standard of plant diversity for urbanization area, this study attempted to establish an evaluation system of plant diversity for Beijing urbanization area. Method In this study, nine districts with a high degree of urbanization in Beijing were taken as the evaluation units. Through the collection of historical data and field investigation in key areas, the evaluation system of plant diversity in urbanization area of Beijing was constructed by six indicators, including richness of vascular plant species, diversity of ecosystem types, species endemism, degree of invasion of invasive alien species, rate of urban green space and richness of ancient and famous trees. The weight of each indicator was determined by regional diversity evaluation standard issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, combined with expert opinions. Result The plant diversity index of the nine districts in the study area was relatively high, 88.39 in Haidian District, 61.69 in Shijingshan District, 60.30 in Shunyi District, 49.75 in Fengtai District, 42.33 in Chaoyang District, 42.01 in Daxing District, 41.55 in Tongzhou District, 38.14 in Dongcheng and Xicheng districts; the evaluation grade of plant diversity was “very rich” in Haidian, Shijingshan and Shunyi districts, and “rich” in other districts. Conclusion Taking district as basic unit, the evaluation system for plant diversity in urbanization area can reflect the overall status of plant diversity in Beijing. Evaluation result is the quantitative index for the assessment of ecological civilization construction in each district. Moreover, it can provide scientific basis for the conservation and management of biodiversity in Beijing. In the future, it is suggested that the regional grid (10 km × 10 km) should be used as the evaluation unit, and the indicators of the evaluation system should be continuously optimized. In this way, the evaluation results will be more fair and reliable, making the later protection measures more operable.
- Beijing City /
- plant diversity /
- diversity evaluation /
- indicator system /
- urbanization area

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图 1 北京市城镇化程度较高区县

Figure 1. Districts with high degree of urbanization in Beijing City

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表 1 各评价指标权重

Table 1. Weight of each evaluation index

评价指标 Evaluation index	权重 Weight
维管植物丰富度 Richness of vascular plant	0.3
生态系统类型多样性 Diversity of ecosystem type	0.2
物种特有性 Species endemism	0.1
外来物种入侵度 Invasion degree of alien species	0.1
城市绿地率 Rate of urban green space	0.2
古树名木丰富度 Richness of ancient and famous trees	0.1

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表 2 植物多样性指数分级

Table 2. Classification of plant diversity indices

等级 Grade	生物多样性指数 Biodiversity index (BI)	生物多样性状况 Description of biodiversity status
优 Very rich	BI ≥ 60	生物多样性极高，物种高度丰富，中国特有属、种多，生态系统类型丰富多样 Biodiversity is extremely high, with highly rich species, more Chinese endemic genera and species, and abundant ecosystem types
良 Rich	30 ≤ BI < 60	生物多样性较高，物种较多，特有属、种较多，生态系统类型较多 Biodiversity is relatively high, with rich species, many Chinese endemic genera and species, and more ecosystem types
一般 Moderate	20 ≤ BI < 30	生物多样性一般，物种较少，特有属、种不多，生态系统类型较少 Biodiversity is moderate, with less species, fewer Chinese endemic genera and species, and less ecosystem types
差 Poor	BI < 20	生物多样性极低，物种贫乏，生态系统类型单一、脆弱 Biodiversity is extremely low, with poor species, simple and vulnerable ecosystem

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表 3 各区评价指标值及评价结果

Table 3. Plant diversity indexes and evaluation grade of each district

区 District	评价指标值 Data of evaluation indexes						BI	等级 Grade
区 District	维管植物种数 Number of vascular plant species	生态系统类型 Ecosystem type	中国特有种 Chinese endemic species	外来入侵种 Invasive alien species	绿地率 Rate of urban green space/%	古树名木株数 Number of ancient and famous trees	BI	等级 Grade
海淀 Haidian	801	48	84	41	48.21	14 835	88.39	优 Very rich
石景山 Shijingshan	412	40	37	20	50.00	1 472	61.69	优 Very rich
顺义 Shunyi	392	44	19	21	52.43	219	60.30	优 Very rich
丰台 Fengtai	377	28	28	26	44.06	243	49.75	良 Rich
朝阳 Chaoyang	211	24	7	20	47.23	678	42.33	良 Rich
大兴 Daxing	288	21	11	19	41.18	127	42.01	良 Rich
通州 Tongzhou	220	22	7	20	47.45	137	41.55	良 Rich
东、西城 Dongcheng and Xicheng	231	21	10	25	23.34	9 996	38.14	良 Rich

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