Abstract: Wood is a natural biological material inseparable from human life and its excellent aesthetic characteristics are widely used in the field of furniture and interior and exterior decoration of buildings. The unique color, texture and other appearance characteristics of wood will cause the visual stimulation from eye, and then cause the psychological and physiological response process. In terms of the visual stimulation representation of wood, as well as the experimental measurement and scientific evaluation of psychological and physiological response, the previous studies were mostly expressed by subjective questionnaires or evaluation scales. In recent years, through the use of advanced technology to monitor human psychological and physiological indicators, it provides a new perspective and method for quantitative research. In order to further sort out the psychological and physiological response activities caused by wood visual stimulation, focus on the research field of wood visual characteristics, this paper systematically generalizes the characterization methods of wood visual stimulation at home and abroad, and summarizes the main research contents and progress of human psychological and physiological response caused by wood visual stimulation. On the basis of comprehensive analysis, three scientific problems to be solved urgently in this research field were condensed: the accurate evaluation of human psychological and physiological response process caused by wood visual stimulation, the interaction and synergy mechanism of multi-sensory channels, and the impact of wood living environment on human psychological and physiological health. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for the visual design of wood products or the construction of comfort in wood indoor space, and to provide a technical reference path for the future research and application of wood environmental science, especially in the field of wood visual characteristics.