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    拟建松嫩平原国家公园边界划定研究

    Boundary delimitation of the proposed Songnen Plain National Park of northeastern China

    • 摘要:
        目的  松嫩平原是中国东北地区重要的生态功能区。从20世纪中期至今,由于人为干扰加剧,松嫩平原湿地面积大幅萎缩、湿地功能退化、水质环境恶化、生物多样性减少。此外,已设立的各级、各类型自然保护地在管理体制上的局限以及在地理空间上的割裂,也产生了生境孤岛化、破碎化等问题。因此,松嫩平原亟需设立国家公园来整合优化区域内各类自然保护地空间,统筹自然保护地管理体系,缓解生境孤岛化、破碎化,并为可持续发展提供坚实的基础,促进区域生态文明的建设。
        方法  本研究提出了一套综合拟定国家公园适宜范围的方法。首先,通过分别计算生态系统完整性、自然本底原真性、管理可行性3个方面的指数。然后,进行归一化叠加分析指标,并使用自然断点法划分分析结果,拟定国家公园适宜范围。最后,根据适宜面积、片区之间的连通性以及结合实地调研确定拟建松嫩平原国家公园边界。
        结果  生态系统完整性评价结果显示区域内的湿地生态系统的完整性最高;自然本底原真性评价结果显示区域内的原真性整体偏低;管理可行性评价结果显示原有国家级自然保护区所在的空间内的可行性指数较高。
        结论  拟设立松嫩平原国家公园以原有扎龙、乌裕尔河、向海、莫莫格、图牧吉和科尔沁6个国家级自然保护区为基础组成部分,嫩江及两岸湿地连通扎龙和莫莫格两地,分成4个片区的边界划定方案较为适宜。

       

      Abstract:
        Objective  The Songnen Plain is an important ecological function area in northeastern China. Due to increased human disturbance, the wetland area of the Songnen Plain has shrunk significantly, wetland functions have degraded, water quality has deteriorated, and biodiversity has decreased. In addition, the limitations of the management system and the fragmentation of the geographical space of the established nature reserves at all levels and types also lead to the problems of habitat isolation and fragmentation. Therefore, the Songnen Plain urgently needs to integrate and optimize various protected areas through establishing the national park, which can provide a solid foundation for sustainable development and promote the construction of regional ecological civilization.
        Method  This paper puts forward a set of methods for comprehensively drawing up the appropriate range of national parks. Firstly, the indexes of ecosystem integrity, natural background authenticity and management feasibility were calculated, respectively. Then, the normalized superposition analysis index was carried out, and the natural breakpoint method was used to divide the analysis results to draw up the appropriate scope of the national park. Finally, the boundary of the proposed Songnen Plain National Park was determined according to the appropriate area, connectivity between areas and field investigation.
        Result  Ecosystem integrity evaluation results showed that the integrity of the wetland ecosystem in the area was the highest, the natural authenticity evaluation results showed that the authenticity of the area was overall low, the results of management feasibility evaluation showed that the feasibility index of the space where the original National Nature Reserve located was high.
        Conclusion  Songnen Plain National Park is proposed to be established, which is based on the original 6 national nature reserves of Zalong, Wuyuer River, Xianghai, Momoge, Tumuji and Horqin. The Nenjiang River and wetlands on both sides connect Zalong and Momoge, and the boundary delimitation scheme divided into 4 areas is more appropriate.

       

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