Investigation on the species and harm of pests on Amygdalus pedunculatus in the sandy area of northern Shaanxi Province of northwestern China
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摘要:
目的 长柄扁桃是陕北沙区重要生态树种和经济树种，在区域经济和生态建设中发挥着重要作用。近年来受到多种害虫侵扰，受害面积不断增加且日益严重。为此进行了该研究，以明确陕北沙区长柄扁桃害虫种类及害虫危害情况，为今后长柄扁桃害虫监测和科学防控提供基础资料。 方法 于2017年3月至2020年10月，采用人工采集法和黑光灯诱法对陕北沙区长柄扁桃害虫进行采集，对采集到的标本进行了鉴定、整理和区系分析；随后采用标准地调查法对害虫的危害程度做了系统的调查。 结果 共计调查到陕北沙区长柄扁桃害虫35种，隶属3个目19科，鞘翅目害虫种类为15种，占害虫种类的42.86%；半翅目害虫种类为11种，占害虫种类的31.43%；鳞翅目害虫种类为9种，占害虫总数的25.71%。区系分析表明，长柄扁桃的鞘翅目害虫古北种最多，占73.33%，鳞翅目害虫和半翅目害虫广布种最多，分别占88.89%和 81.82%。危害程度研究表明，危害严重的害虫有5种，危害中度的害虫有8种，危害轻的害虫有22种。 结论 陕北沙区长柄扁桃害虫主要分布在鞘翅目和半翅目，鞘翅目害虫以古北种为主，半翅目和鳞翅目害虫以广布种为主。长柄扁桃害虫的优势种为华北大黑鳃金龟、苹毛丽金龟、阿拉善舌喙象、李小食心虫和桃蚜。 Abstract:Objective Amygdalus pedunculatus is an important ecological and economic tree species in the sandy area of northern Shaanxi Province of northwestern China, which plays an important role in regional economy and ecological construction. In recent years, they have been disturbed by a variety of pests, and the damaged area is increasing and becoming more and more serious. In this study, the species and harm of pests on A. pedunculatus in the sandy area of northern Shaanxi Province were clarified, so as to provide basic data for the monitoring and scientific prevention and control of watermelon pests. Method From March 2017 to October 2020, pests on A. pedunculatus were collected by manual collection and black light trap in the sandy area of Northern Shaanxi Province, and the collected pests specimen were identified, sorted and floristicly analyzed. Then, the damage degree of pests was systematically investigated by standard field investigation method. Result There were 35 species of pests recorded belonging to 3 orders and 19 families in the sandy area of northern Shaanxi Province, among which, 15 species belong to Coleoptera, accounting for 42.86%; 11 species belong to Hemiptera, accounting for 31.43%; and 9 species belong to Lepidoptera, accounting for 25.71%. The faunas analysis showed that The Palaearctic species of Coleoptera pests on A. pedunculata were the most, accounting for 73.33%, and the widespread species of Lepidoptera and Hemiptera pests were the most, accounting for 88.89% and 81.82%, respectively. The analysis of pest damage degree showed that there were 5 kinds of serious pests, 8 kinds of moderate pests and 22 kinds of light pests on A. pedunculata. Conclusion Coleoptera and Hemiptera are the main pests on A. pedunculata in the sandy area of northern Shaanxi Province. Among them, Coleoptera pests are mainly Palaearctic species, while Hemiptera and Lepidoptera pests are mainly widespread species. The main pests on A. pedunculata are Proagopertha lucidula, Diglossotrox alashanicus, Grapholitha funebrana and Myzus persicae. -
图 1 陕北沙区危害长柄扁桃害虫组成
Figure 1. Composition of pests on Amygdalus pedunculata in the sandy area of northern Shaanxi Province
表 1 长柄扁桃害虫调查样地情况
Table 1. Basic situation of investigated sample plots of pests on Amygdalus pedunculatus
序号
No.样地所在地点
Location of sample plot纬度
Latitude经度
Longitude林地类型
Forest land type1 榆阳区孟家湾乡 Mengjiawan Township, Yuyang District 38°35′28″N 109°39′41″E 天然林 Natural forest 2 神木市锦界镇
Jinjie Town, Shenmu City38°45′28″N 110°11′04″E 天然林 Natural forest 3 长柄扁桃国家工程技术中心基地
Base of the National Engineering and Technology Center for
Amygdalus pedunculata38°18′10″N 109°41′55″E 人工林 Plantation 
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表 2 长柄扁桃害虫危害程度划分标准
Table 2. Division standard of damage degree of pests on Amygdalus pedunculatus
危害等级
Damage degree划分标准
Standard of division表示符号
Symbol of representationⅠ 表示发生数量少，或发生量大，但危害轻
Pest population is small, or the pest population is large but the harm is light
失叶面积 ≤ 25%，或枝梢被害率 ≤ 15%，或被害株率（干或根） ≤ 8%，或花和果实被害率 ≤ 15%
Leaf loss area ≤ 25%, or shoot damage rate ≤ 15%, or plant damage rate (stem or root) ≤ 8%,
or flower and fruit damage rate ≤ 15%+ Ⅱ 表示发生数量大，但危害较轻 Pest population is large, but the damage is relatively light
25% < 失叶面积 ≤ 55%，或15% < 枝梢被害率 ≤ 35%，或10% < 被害株率（干或根） ≤ 20%，
或15% < 花和果实被害率 ≤ 25%
25% < leaf loss area ≤ 55%, or 15% < shoot damage rate ≤ 35%, or 10% < plant damage rate (stem or root) ≤ 20%, or 15% < flower and fruit damage rate ≤ 25%++ Ⅲ 表示发生数量大，危害严重 Pest population is large, and the damage is serious
失叶面积 > 55%，或枝梢被害率 > 35%，或被害株率（干或根） > 20%，或花和果实被害率 > 25%
Leaf loss area > 55%, or shoot damage rate > 35%, or plant damage rate (stem or root) > 20%, or flower and fruit damage rate > 25%+++
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表 3 陕北沙区长柄扁桃害虫种类及危害程度
Table 3. Pest species and damage degree on Amygdalus Pedunculatus in the sandy area of northern Shaanxi Province
目 Oder 科 Family 种 Species 危害部位
Damage part危害程度
Damage degree鞘翅目 Coleoptera 鳃金龟科 Melolonthidae 华北大黑鳃金龟 Hloltrichia oblita 根 Root +++ 暗黑鳃金龟 H. parallela 根 Root ++ 小黑齿爪鳃金龟 H. picea 根 Root + 棕色鳃金龟 H. titanis 根 Root + 黑绒金龟 Maladera orientalis 根 Root ++ 二色希鳃金龟 Hilyotrogus bicoloreus 根 Root ++ 丽金龟科 Rutelidae 四纹丽金龟 Popillia quadriguttata 根、叶 Root and leaf + 苹毛丽金龟 Proagopertha lucidula 根、花 Root and flower +++ 铜绿异丽金龟 Anomala corpulenta 根、叶 Root and leaf ++ 芫菁科 Meloidae 绿芫菁 Lytta caraganae 叶 Leaf + 苹斑芫菁 Meloecalida sp. 花 Flower + 象甲科 Curculionidae 阿拉善舌喙象 Diglossotrox alashanicus 叶、枝稍 Leaf and shoot +++ 桃长鼻象 Rhynchites sp. 叶、枝稍 Leaf and shoot + 叶甲科 Chrysomelidae 蓝叶甲 Chrysolina sp. 花 Flower + 天牛科 Cerambycidae 桃红颈天牛 Aromia bungii 干 Trunk + 鳞翅目 Lepidopter 螟蛾科 Pyralidae 桃蛀螟 Dichocrocis punctiferalis 果实 Fruit + 草地螟 Loxostege sticticalis 叶 Leaf + 天蛾科 Sphingidae 桃天蛾 Maurmba gaschkewitschii 叶 Leaf + 夜蛾科 Noctuidae 小地老虎 Agrotis ypsilon 根 Root + 蛀果蛾科 Tortricidae 桃小食心虫 Carposinasa sakii 果实 Fruit ++ 卷蛾科 Carposinadae 李小食心虫 Grapholitha funebrana 果实 Fruit +++ 刺蛾科 Limacodidae 褐边绿刺蛾 Parasa consocia 叶 Leaf + 黄刺蛾 Monema flavescens 叶 Leaf ++ 祝蛾科 Lecithoceridae 梅祝蛾 Scythropiodes sp. 叶 Leaf ++ 半翅目 Hemiptera 蚜科 Aphididae 桃蚜 Myzus persicae 叶、枝稍 Leaf and shoot +++ 桃粉蚜 Hyalopterus amygdali 叶、枝稍 Leaf and shoot + 桃瘤蚜 Phylloxera notabilis 叶、枝稍 Leaf and shoot + 叶蝉科 Cicadeiiidae 大青叶蝉 Cicadella viridis 叶、枝稍 Leaf and shoot + 桃小绿叶蝉 Empoasca flavscens 叶、枝稍 Leaf and shoot + 桃小叶蝉 Erythroneura sudra 叶、枝稍 Leaf and shoot + 盲蝽科 Miridae 绿盲蝽 Apolygus lucorum 叶、枝稍 Leaf and shoot + 蝽科 Pentatomidae 茶翅蝽 Halyomorpha halys 叶、枝稍 Leaf and shoot + 斑须蝽 Dolycoris baccarum 叶、枝稍 Leaf and shoot + 盾蚧科 Diaspididae 桑白蚧 Pseudaulacaspis pentagona 枝、干 Branch and trunk ++ 粉蚧科 Pseudococcidae 康氏粉蚧 Pseudococcus comstocki 枝、干 Branch and trunk +
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表 4 不同区系长柄扁桃害虫种类
Table 4. Species of pests on Amygdalus pedunculata in different faunas
目
Order科数
Family number古北种
Palaearctic species东洋种
Oriental species广布种
Widespread species合计
Total数量
Number比例
Percentage/%数量
Number比例
Percentage/%数量
Number比例
Percentage/%数量
Number比例
Percentage/%鞘翅目 Coleoptera 6 11 73.33 — — 4 26.67 15 100 鳞翅目 Lepidopter 7 1 11.11 — — 8 88.89 9 100 半翅目 Hemiptera 6 2 18.18 — — 9 81.82 11 100 合计 Total 19 14 40.00 — — 21 60.00 35 100 注：“—”表明经调查、鉴定无此类昆虫。Notes: “—” shows that there is no such insect after investigation and identification.
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