Influence of competition on the relationship between tree growth and climate of main tree species in the broadleaved Korean pine forest under different thinning intensities in northeastern China
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摘要:目的 探究不同间伐措施下树木的竞争环境差异是否影响树木生长变化趋势及其对气候因子的响应策略，为气候变化背景下森林经营和管理提供科学依据。方法 以吉林蛟河林业实验管理局阔叶红松林优势树种红松、水曲柳、色木槭和紫椴为研究对象，选取4 块面积为1 hm2的间伐处理固定样地，间伐强度分别为 0（对照 CK）、15%（轻度间伐 LT）、35%（中度间伐 MT）、50%（重度间伐 HT）。采用Hegyi竞争指数量化竞争并进行竞争压力组划分，比较分析不同间伐强度和竞争作用下各树种生长差异，构建不同竞争压力组树木与气候因子的关系，探讨间伐强度和竞争差异是否影响树木对干旱事件的响应策略。结果 （1）不同间伐强度下低竞争组树木生长量显著高于高竞争组生长量（P < 0.05） 。高竞争组树木生长量在伐后变化不明显，除色木槭低竞争组生长量保持稳定（9.43 cm2/a），其他树种低竞争组树木呈现显著增加趋势。随着间伐强度增加，低竞争组树木生长出现峰值的时间不一致。（2）不同间伐样地内色木槭不同竞争组树木生长量与温度和降水均呈显著相关关系，而红松、水曲柳和紫椴的不同竞争组树木生长与气候因子的关系受到间伐强度和树种因素的共同影响。在中度间伐下，低竞争组红松对气候因子较敏感。随着间伐强度增加，不同竞争组水曲柳和最低温度的正相关关系稳定性下降，而低竞争组紫椴生长与降水的正相关关系稳定性增加（P < 0.05）。（3）间伐增强了树木对干旱的适应能力，高竞争压力的红松和紫椴的恢复力，低竞争色木槭的抵抗力和恢复力均得到增强。红松、色木槭和紫椴恢复力均在重度间伐后呈现最大值。结论 本文研究结果表明保留木竞争环境是影响树木生长的关键要素，并改变了树木生长与气候因子的相关关系。轻度和中度间伐能够有效提高保留木低竞争株数比例，促进保留木的生长，重度间伐增强保留木对干旱事件的恢复力。因此，间伐能够缓解气候暖干化带来的生长下降。Abstract:Objective This paper aims to explore whether the competition environment difference of trees under different thinning measures affects the trend of tree growth and its response strategies to climate factors, so as to provide scientific basis for forest management under the background of climate change.Method Four dominant tree species in the broadleaved Korean pine forest of Forestry Experimental Administration in Jiaohe, Jilin Province of northeastern China, Pinus koraiensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Acer mono, and Tilia amurensis, were selected in four permanent monitoring sample plots with an area of 1 ha, with thinning intensity of 0 (control, CK), 15% (light treatment, LT), 35% (moderate treatment, MT), and 50% (high treatment, HT). Hegyi competition index was used to quantify competition and divide competition pressure groups, compare and analyze the growth differences of various tree species under different thinning intensities and competition, build the relationship between trees in different competition pressure groups and climate factors, and discuss whether thinning intensity and competition differences affect trees’ response strategies to drought events.Result (1) The growth of trees in the low competition group was significantly higher than that in the high competition group under different thinning intensities (P < 0.05). The growth of trees in the high-competition group did not vary significantly after thinning. Except for Acer truncatum, the growth of trees in the low-competition group remained stable (9.43 cm2/year), and other trees in the low-competition group showed a significant increase trend. With the increasing of thinning intensity, the occurrence of highest growth value of trees in the low-competition group was not consistent. (2) The tree growth of different competition groups of Acer mono in different thinning sample plots was significantly correlated with temperature and precipitation, while the relationship between tree growth of different competition groups of Pinus koraiensis, Fraxinus mandshurica and Tilia amurensis and climate factors was jointly affected by thinning intensity and tree species factors. Under medium thinning, Korean pine in low competition group was more sensitive to climate factors. With the increase of thinning intensity, the stability of positive correlation between Fraxinus mandshurica and minimum temperature in different competition groups decreased, while the stability of the positive correlation between Tilia amurensis growth in low-competition group and precipitation increased (P<0.05). (3) Thinning treatment enhanced the ability of trees to adapt to drought event. The resilience of Pinus koraiensis in high competitive group, as well as the resistance and resilience of Tilia amurensis in low-competitive showed remarkable improvement. The highest resilience of Pinus koraiensis, Acer mono and Tilia amurensis was observed in high thinning sample plot.Conclusion Our results add evidence that the competitive environment of retained trees is a key element to affecting the growth of trees, which change the relationship between tree growth and climate factors. Light and medium thinning can effectively improve the proportion of retained trees in low-competition group and promote the growth of retained trees. Height treatment enhances the resilience of retained trees for drought events. Therefore, thinning can alleviate the growth decline caused by climate warming and drying.
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Keywords:
- thinning intensity /
- competition /
- climate /
- growth /
- tree ring width
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图 1 不同间伐强度下各竞争组标准年表
Figure 1. Standard chronology of competitive groups under different thinning intensities
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图 2 不同间伐强度下各竞争组伐后树木生长变化趋势
Figure 2. Growth trend of each competitive group trees under different thinning intensities
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图 3 不同间伐强度下各竞争组伐后树木生长与气候因子相关关系
*表示P < 0.05。* means P < 0.05.
Figure 3. Correlations between tree growth of competitive groups and climate under different thinning intensities
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图 4 竞争和气候在模型中的显著性百分比
Figure 4. Significance percentage of competition and climate in the models
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图 5 不同间伐强度下各竞争组伐后树木抵抗力和恢复力
Figure 5. Resistance and resilience of trees after cutting in different competition groups under varied thinning intensities
表 1 不同树种竞争压力等级划分依据
Table 1 Classification basis of competitive pressure for different tree species
树种
Tree species对照
Control (CK)轻度间伐
Light thinning (LT)中度间伐
Moderate thinning (MT)重度间伐
Heavy thinning (HT)红松 Pinus koraiensis 4.5 1 1.6 2 水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica 2.2 1.7 3 3 色木槭 Acer mono 7.5 2 3 4.4 紫椴 Tilia amurensis 3 1.5 3 5 
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