环境因子对长白山自然保护区森林群落分布的影响

郑东升; 刘琪璟

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220086

环境因子对长白山自然保护区森林群落分布的影响

doi: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220086

郑东升,
刘琪璟^,

北京林业大学林学院，北京 100083

基金项目: 科技基础资源调查专项（2019FY101602）。

详细信息

作者简介:
郑东升。主要研究方向：森林群落结构。Email：1484576904@qq.com　地址：100083 北京市海淀区清华东路35号

责任作者:
刘琪璟，博士，教授。主要研究方向：森林资源调查与监测。Email：liuqijing@bjfu.edu.cn　地址：同上

中图分类号: S718.54
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-03
- 修回日期: 2022-05-04
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-25

Effects of environmental factors on forest community distribution in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve of northeastern China

Zheng Dongsheng,
Liu Qijing^,

School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 目的利用数量生态学的方法解析长白山自然保护区森林群落的物种组成及其与环境因子之间的关系，为该区森林生态系统的保护及可持续经营提供科学依据，并为同类研究提供参考和借鉴。方法借助影像资料，在长白山自然保护区从海拔750 m至1 850 m沿道路从不同坡向共选取40个样点，并于2021年8—9月进行群落学调查。基于该调查数据，计算各样地不同物种的重要值，而后采用双向指示种分析（TWINSPAN）、去趋势对应分析（DCA）将样地划分为不同的群落类型，最后结合环境数据采用典范对应分析（CCA）、变差分解探索群落的分布与环境因子之间的关系。结果（1）结合TWINSPAN和DCA将样地划分为9种森林群落类型。（2）CCA排序结果较好地反映了群落与环境的关系，选取的10个环境因子中，海拔、坡度、年均温、平均昼夜温差、等温性、气温季节性变动系数、气温年较差、年降水量、降水量季节变化9个因子对群落分布的影响较大。（3）变差分解结果显示10个环境因子总解释量为46.8%，其中地形因子的解释部分为8.0%，气候因子的解释部分为29.1%，共同解释部分为9.7%，未能解释部分为53.2%。结论在长白山所调查的范围主要包括9种森林群落类型，海拔所引起的水热条件变化是影响其分布的主要环境因素，未能解释部分与群落组成的复杂性及数据中土壤特性等环境因子的缺失有关。
- 森林群落 /
- 分类 /
- 排序 /
- 环境因子 /
- 长白山自然保护区
Abstract: Objective The species composition of forest community in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve of northeastern China and its relationship with environmental factors were analyzed by the method of quantitative ecology, providing scientific basis for protection and sustainable management of forest ecosystems in the region, and providing references for similar researches. Method With the help of remote sensing data, a total of 40 sample points were selected from 750 m to 1 850 m above sea level in the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve in different slope aspects along roads, and community surveys were carried out from August to September 2021. Based on the survey data, the importance values of different species in the sample plots were calculated. Then the two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) were used to divide the sample plots into different community types. Finally, combining with environmental data, the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and variation partitioning were used to explore relationships between the distribution of communities and environmental factors. Result (1) According to the results of TWINSPAN and DCA, the 40 sample plots were classified into 9 community types. (2) The CCA ranking results well reflected the relationship between community distribution and environmental factors. Among the 10 selected environmental factors, altitude, slope, annual mean temperature, isothermality, temperature seasonality, mean diurnal range, annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality, temperature annual range had greater impacts on species distribution. (3) The results of variational partitioning showed that these 10 tested factors could explain 46.8% variation of species distribution. Among these factors, topography, climate and their interaction respectively accounted for 8.0%, 29.1% and 9.7% of the variation, while 53.2% of the variation was unexplained. Conclusion The investigated area in Changbai Mountain mainly includes 9 types of forest communities, and the alteration of hydrothermal conditions caused by altitude is the main environmental factor affecting community distribution. The unexplained part is concerned to be associated with the complexity of community composition as well as the lack of environmental information such as soil properties etc.
- forest community /
- classification /
- ordination /
- environmental factor /
- Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve

HTML全文

图 1 样点分布

Figure 1. Distribution of sample points

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 长白山森林群落TWINSPAN分类树状图

D₁ ~ D₆ 代表分类级别，N代表样地数量，方框内数字代表样地编号。D₁−D₆ represent level of classification, N indicates sample size, and numbers in frames are codes of sample plots.

Figure 2. Dendrogram of the TWINSPAN classification of forest communities in Changbai Mountain

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 研究区40个样地DCA排序图

Figure 3. DCA ordination diagram of 40 sample plots in the research area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 研究区森林群落40个样地CCA排序图

Figure 4. CCA ordination diagram of 40 sample plots of forest communities in the research area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 环境因子对群落分布影响的变差分解

Figure 5. Variational decomposition for impacts of environmental factors on community distribution

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 Monte Carlo检验结果

Table 1. Monte Carlo test results

环境因子 Environmental factor	CCA1	CCA2	R²	P
坡度 Slope (Slop)	0.537 9	0.843 0	0.129 1	0.078^*
坡向 Aspect (Asp)	0.922 0	0.387 1	0.021 3	0.680
海拔 Altitude (Alti)	0.996 6	0.082 1	0.942 2	0.001^***
年均温 Annual mean temperature (Env1)	0.995 9	0.090 2	0.944 9	0.001^***
平均昼夜温差 Mean diurnal range of temperature (Env2)	0.506 3	0.862 4	0.743 3	0.001^***
等温性 Isothermality (Env3)	0.762 9	0.646 5	0.888 0	0.001^***
气温季节性变动系数 Seasonal variation coefficient of temperature (Env4)	0.994 3	0.107 1	0.268 0	0.008^**
气温年较差 Temperature annual range (Env5)	0.637 9	0.770 2	0.338 1	0.001^**
年降水量 Annual precipitation (Env6)	0.972 5	0.232 7	0.866 7	0.001^***
降水量季节变化 Seasonal variation of precipitation (Env7)	0.484 3	0.874 9	0.247 5	0.008^*
注：*表示在 0.001 水平上显著；表示在 0.01 水平上显著；表示在 0.05 水平上显著。Notes: indicates significant at the level of 0.001; indicates significant at the 0.01 level; * indicates significant at the 0.05 level.

下载: 导出CSV

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