Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization on Populus pseudo-cathayana × P. deltoides resistance to Lymantria dispar larvae
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摘要:目的
研究丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）对青山杨抗虫性的影响以及舞毒蛾对AMF定殖青山杨的适应能力，为AMF定殖青山杨后抗虫性的研究提供科学依据。
方法分别以对照（CK，无AMF定殖）、根内根孢囊霉（GI）或摩西管柄囊霉（GM）定殖的青山杨叶片饲喂舞毒蛾幼虫，统计3、4、5龄幼虫的体重、体长、头壳宽和食物利用率，测定4、5龄幼虫解毒酶酸性磷酸酯酶（ACP）和碱性磷酸酯酶（AKP）的活性。
结果GI组3、4龄幼虫的体重显著高于对照组（P < 0.05），5龄与对照组差异不显著，GM组5龄幼虫的体长、体重、头壳宽、食物利用率均显著高于对照组。GI组3龄幼虫取食量显著高于对照组（P < 0.05），4、5龄显著低于对照组，GM组5龄显著高于对照组，3、4龄与对照组差异不显著。GI组ACP显著低于对照组（P < 0.05），AKP在4龄显著高于对照组，5龄AKP活性显著低于对照组。GM组两种解毒酶活性均显著高于对照组。
结论GI定殖的青山杨能促进舞毒蛾低龄幼虫的生长，对舞毒蛾老熟幼虫的生长影响不显著。GM定殖青山杨叶片促进了舞毒蛾幼虫的生长发育，提高了食物的利用效率，激发了幼虫体内磷酸酯酶活性，表明舞毒蛾对GM定植的青山杨有更好的适应性。AMF对树木及植食性昆虫的影响具有种类特异性，GI定殖对青山杨的抗虫性的影响呈中性，GM定殖对青山杨的抗舞毒蛾产生负效应。
Abstract:ObjectiveThis paper explores the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the resistance of Qingshan poplar (Populus pseudo-cathayana × P. deltoides) to the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larvae and the adaptability of L. dispar larvae to the AMF colonization, so as to provide a scientific basis for the study of insect resistance of Qingshan poplar colonized by AMF.
MethodThe spongy moth larvae were fed with fresh leaves of Qingshan poplar seedlings, which were treated with Glomus intraradices or G. mosseae or untreated (CK: control). The body mass, length, head capsule width and food utilization of the 3rd, 4th and 5th instars of L. dispar larvae were measured, and the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) of the 4th and 5th instars of larvae were determined.
ResultThe body mass of the 3rd/4th instar larvae in GI group was significantly higher than that in the control group, but there was no significant difference in the body mass of the 5th instar larvae between the GI group and the control group. The body length, mass, head capsule width and food utilization of the 5th instar larvae in the GM group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Food intake of the 3rd instar larvae in the GI group was significantly higher than that in the control group, but the reverse was true for the 4th and 5th instars; the food intake of the 5th instar larvae in the GM group was significantly higher than that in the control group, but there was no significant difference in food intake of the 3rd and 4th instars between the GM group and the control group. The ACP activity of the 4th and 5th instars in the GI group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and AKP activity of the 4th instar in the GI group was significantly higher than that in the control group, whereas the reverse was true for the 5th instar. On the other hand, the activities of these two detoxifying enzymes in the GM group were significantly higher than those in the control group.
ConclusionThe GI treatment enhances the growth of younger (3rd and 4th instars) L. dispar larvae, but not that of the mature (5th instar) larvae. The GM treatment increases the growth and development of L. dispar larvae, improves their food utilization efficiency, and stimulates their phosphatase activity, indicating that the spongy moth larvae might have a better adaptability to the GM-colonized Qingshan poplar trees. The effects of AMF on trees and herbivorous insects seem to be species-specific. GI colonization doesn’t affect Qingshan poplar’s resistance to the insect, while GM colonization reduces Qingshan poplar’s resistance to the insect.
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图 2 栽植80 d后青山杨扦插苗根部GI、GM的定殖率
CK.对照；GI.根内根孢囊霉；GM.摩西管柄囊酶。不同小写字母表示不同处理之间差异显著（P < 0.05）。数据均为平均值 ± 标准差（n = 5）。下同。CK, control; GI, Glomus intraradices; GM, Glomus mosseae. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among varied groups (P < 0.05). The data annotation in the picture is average value ± SD (n = 5). The same below.
Figure 2. Colonization rate of GI and GM at 80 d after planting
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图 1 青山杨根系中AMF的结构
A.丛枝Arbuscule；B.泡囊Vesicle；C.菌丝Hypha
Figure 1. Structure of AMF in the roots of Populus pseudo-cathayana × P. deltoides
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图 3 各试验组舞毒蛾幼虫的体重
数据均为平均值 ± 标准差（n = 30）；不同小写字母表示同一龄期不同组之间差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。 The data annotation in the picture is average value ± SD (n = 30); different lowercase letters indicate that there is significant difference among different groups at the same age (P < 0.05). The same below.
Figure 3. Larvae body mass of spongy moth in each treatment group
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图 5 各试验组舞毒蛾幼虫的头壳宽
Figure 5. Larvae head capsule width of spongy moth in eachtreatment group
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图 6 各试验组舞毒蛾幼虫的取食量
数据均为平均值 ± 标准差（n = 3）。The data annotation in the picture is average value ± SD (n = 3).
Figure 6. Larvae food intake of spongy moth in each treatment group
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图 7 各试验组舞毒蛾幼虫的食物消耗率
Figure 7. Larvae food digestion rate of spongy moth ineach treatment group
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图 8 各试验组舞毒蛾幼虫的食物转化率
Figure 8. Larvae food conversion rate of spongy moth in each treatment group
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图 9 各试验组舞毒蛾幼虫的食物利用率
Figure 9. Larvae food utilization rate of spongy moth ineach treatment group
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图 10 各试验组舞毒蛾幼虫ACP的活性
Figure 10. Larvae acid phosphatase activity of spongy moth ineach treatment group
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