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    范春楠, 刘强, 郑金萍, 郭忠玲, 张文涛, 刘英龙, 谢遵俊, 任增君. 采伐强度对阔叶红松林生态系统碳密度恢复的影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2022, 44(10): 33-42. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220190
    引用本文: 范春楠, 刘强, 郑金萍, 郭忠玲, 张文涛, 刘英龙, 谢遵俊, 任增君. 采伐强度对阔叶红松林生态系统碳密度恢复的影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2022, 44(10): 33-42. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220190
    Fan Chunnan, Liu Qiang, Zheng Jinping, Guo Zhongling, Zhang Wentao, Liu Yinglong, Xie Zunjun, Ren Zengjun. Effects of logging intensity on restoration of carbon density in broadleaved Korean pine forest ecosystem[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2022, 44(10): 33-42. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220190
    Citation: Fan Chunnan, Liu Qiang, Zheng Jinping, Guo Zhongling, Zhang Wentao, Liu Yinglong, Xie Zunjun, Ren Zengjun. Effects of logging intensity on restoration of carbon density in broadleaved Korean pine forest ecosystem[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2022, 44(10): 33-42. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220190

    采伐强度对阔叶红松林生态系统碳密度恢复的影响

    Effects of logging intensity on restoration of carbon density in broadleaved Korean pine forest ecosystem

    • 摘要:
        目的  通过对不同采伐强度干扰阔叶红松林生态系统碳密度的估算,探讨其伐后30年的恢复状况,解析采伐强度、生态系统各组分碳密度及其与林分结构间的关系,为以生态系统碳汇功能提升和物种多样性保护等为目标的森林经营提供科学依据。
        方法  以汪清林业局不同采伐强度干扰的阔叶红松林为对象,通过对未采伐和Ⅰ级(30%)、Ⅱ级(40%)、Ⅲ级(50%)、Ⅳ级(60%以上)、Ⅴ级(皆伐)采伐强度干扰林分植被、枯落物和土壤特征的调查和样品采集与测试分析,系统估算其植被、枯落物和土壤的碳密度,并对比分析其差异,以及他们之间及其与采伐强度、林分结构之间的关系。
        结果  虽经30年的恢复,因采伐强度的显著负效应影响,阔叶红松林的植被碳密度仍显著低于对照,但在除皆伐外的其他采伐强度之间已恢复至无差异水平。虽然伐后林分乔木层碳密度的小径级和中小径级林木比例有一定程度的增加,但仍无法弥补40 cm以上大径林木的碳密度损失;幼树和草本植物的碳密度受采伐强度的影响不显著;灌木植物的碳密度与采伐强度呈极显著的正相关,但仅皆伐干扰显著增加。皆伐干扰显著降低了枯落物和B层土壤的碳密度,而其他采伐强度的土壤碳密度则因B层的增加而整体接近或高于对照林分。与对照相比,皆伐和Ⅰ、Ⅱ级采伐强度干扰的生态系统碳密度显著降低,Ⅲ、Ⅳ级采伐强度干扰的生态系统碳密度则分别恢复为与之接近和略高。生态系统碳密度的组成以土壤的碳密度占比最高,冠下植被和枯落物的碳密度合计不足生态系统碳密度的3%。采伐强度对树高均匀度指数、胸径香农指数和胸径均匀度指数的负效应仍显著,林分结构对乔木层碳密度产生了显著的正效应,对灌木植物碳密度为显著的负效应。受采伐的强烈负效应影响,乔木层碳密度与灌木植物的碳密度、枯落物碳密度、草本植物丰富度,以及枯落物碳密度与土壤碳密度和草本植物丰富度间均存在显著的相关关系。
        结论  阔叶红松林伐后30年,除皆伐干扰外的生态系统碳密度已基本接近或超过未采伐林分,碳密度的恢复主要源于土壤相对快速的累积,而植被的碳密度损失还尚需一定时间的恢复。采伐强度、生态系统各组分碳密度及其与林分结构间存在着显著的相关关系,主要动因为采伐负效应引起的林分结构改变,导致了乔木层、冠下植被、枯落物和土壤的联动变化。

       

      Abstract:
        Objective  Based on the estimation of ecosystem carbon density in broadleaved Korean pine forest disturbed by different logging intensities, the recovery status of the forest after 30 years of logging was discussed, and the relationship among logging intensity, composition of ecosystem carbon density, and stand structure was analyzed to provide a scientific basis for forest management, aiming at enhancing ecosystem carbon sink function and protecting species diversity.
        Method  The current study took the broadleaved Korean pine forest disturbed by different logging intensities in Wangqing Forestry Bureau, Jilin Province of northeastern China as the research object. The vegetation, litter and soil characteristics of different logging disturbance stands, unharvested, class Ⅰ (30%), class Ⅱ (40%), class Ⅲ (50%), class Ⅳ (above 60%) and class Ⅴ (clear cut), were investigated and analyzed, and the carbon densities of vegetation, litter and soil were systematically estimated, and their differences were also compared and analyzed, as well as their relationship with logging intensities and stand structure.
        Result  Although the broadleaved Korean pine forest disturbed by different logging intensities had been restored for 30 years, its vegetation carbon density was still significantly lower than that of the control sample plots due to the significant negative effect of logging, but the carbon density had recovered to no significant difference between different logging intensity sample plots, except for clear-cutting. The tree layer carbon densities of disturbed stands with different logging intensities increased to a certain extent in the small- and medium-small-diameter trees, but it still could not make up for the carbon density loss of the large-diameter trees above 40 cm. The carbon densities of young trees and herbs were not significantly affected by logging intensity, but the carbon density of shrub plants was significantly positively correlated with logging intensity and only the disturbance of clear cutting increased significantly. Clear-cutting disturbance significantly reduced the carbon density of litter and soil layer B, while the soil carbon densities of other logging intensities were generally close to or higher than that of control stands due to the increase of soil carbon density of layer B. Compared with the control groups, the ecosystem carbon densities disturbed by clear cutting, class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ logging intensities decreased significantly, while the ecosystem carbon densities disturbed by class Ⅲ and class Ⅳ logging intensities were close to and slightly higher than control, respectively. In the composition of ecosystem carbon density, the proportion of soil carbon density was the highest, and the total proportion of under-canopy vegetation and litter was less than 3%. The negative effects of logging intensities on tree height uniformity index, DBH Shannon index and DBH uniformity index were still significant, and the change of stand structure had a significant positive effect on carbon density of tree layer, but it had a significant negative effect on the carbon density of shrubs. Affected by the strong negative effect of logging, tree layer carbon density was significantly correlated with shrub carbon density, litter carbon density, and herb richness. Moreover, there were also significant correlations between litter carbon density and soil carbon density and herb richness.
        Conclusion  After 30 years of logging disturbance in broadleaved Korean pine forests, the carbon density of ecosystems has basically recovered or exceeded the level of unharvested stands, except for clear-cutting, and the recovery of carbon density is mainly due to the relatively rapid accumulation of soil carbon, while the loss of vegetation carbon density still needs more time to recover. The negative effect of logging causes the change of stand structure, leading to the linkage changes of arbor layer, under-canopy vegetation, litter and soil, therefore, there are significant correlations among logging intensities, ecosystem carbon density and stand structure.

       

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