Effects of throughfall reduction on soil organic carbon concentration and chemical compositions in a Castanopsis hystrix plantation
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摘要:
目的 在全球气候变化导致的降水格局改变下，通过研究穿透雨减少（减雨）对南亚热带红椎人工林土壤有机碳含量及其化学组分的影响，为准确预测气候变化对人工林生态系统固碳功能的潜在影响提供科学依据。 方法 2012年，在广西友谊关森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站，29年生红椎人工林内随机布设了3个减雨处理样地和3个对照样地，每个样地面积为 20 m × 20 m。减雨处理第6年，分别测定了干季（3月）和湿季（7月）土壤有机碳含量和化学组成、凋落物总量及其组分、细根生物量、土壤微生物量及功能基因丰度，分析了减雨对红椎人工林土壤有机碳和化学稳定性的影响和主导因素。 结果 （1）减雨显著降低了干季土壤含水量和干、湿季细根生物量，而减雨对干、湿季的凋落物总量、凋落物各组分和土壤微生物量无显著影响。（2）干季，减雨显著降低了土壤烷基碳比例和烷基碳/氧烷基碳的值，但显著增加了土壤芳香碳比例和芳香碳/烷基碳；湿季，减雨对土壤有机碳及其化学组分均无显著影响。（3）凋落物量对土壤有机碳化学组分的改变起主要作用。 结论 经过6年的减雨处理，虽然土壤有机碳含量没有明显改变，但是在干季显著降低了稳定性高的土壤烷基碳比例并提高了土壤有机碳芳香化程度。因此，南亚热带地区未来降水减少情境有可能降低红椎人工林的土壤有机碳的化学稳定性。 Abstract:Objective Under the background of the change of precipitation pattern caused by global warming, the study of the impact of throughfall reduction (rain reduction) on soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration and chemical composition of Castanopsis hystrix A.DC plantations in the southern subtropical region was carried out, and it will provide a scientific basis for accurately predicting the potential impact of climate change on the SOC sequestration function of plantation ecosystem. Method In 2012, in the Guangxi Youyiguan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, three throughfall reduction treatment plots and three control plots were randomly selected in a 29 years old C. hystrix plantation, each plot was 20 m × 20 m. In the sixth year of throughfall reduction treatment, the SOC concentration and chemical composition, total amount and components of litter, fine root biomass, soil microbial biomass and functional gene abundance in dry season (samplings in March) and wet season (samplings in July) were measured respectively. The effects of throughfall reduction on SOC concentration and chemical stability were analyzed. Result (1) Throughfall reduction significantly decreased soil water content in dry season and fine root biomass in dry and wet season, but there were no differences in the total litter, litter components and soil microbial biomass in dry and wet seasons. (2) In the dry season, throughfall reduction significantly reduced the soil alkyl C and alkyl C/O-alkyl C, but significantly increased the soil aromatic C and aromatic C/alkyl C. In the wet season, throughfall reduction had no effect on SOC concentration and chemical compositions. (3) Litterfall played a major role in the change of chemical compositions of SOC. Conclusion After six years of throughfall reduction treatment, although the content of SOC didn’t change significantly, the proportion of soil alkyl C with high stability reduced and the aromatization degree of SOC improved in the dry season. Therefore, the projected precipitation reduction scenario may reduce the chemical stability of SOC in C. hystrix plantations in the southern subtropical region. -
图 1 红椎人工林对照（a）和穿透雨减少（b）样地现状
Figure 1. Status of control (a) and throughfall reduction plots (b) in C. hystrix plantations
图 2 干季（a）和湿季（b）红椎人工林凋落物各组分量
Figure 2. Mass of litterfall components of C. hystrix plantations in dry season (a) and wet season (b)
图 3 穿透雨减少对红椎人工林土壤细根生物量的影响
不同小写字母表示湿季的减雨处理与对照的差异显著性（P < 0.05）。下同。Different small letters showed significant difference in wet season treatment group (P < 0.05). The same below.
Figure 3. Effect of throughfall reduction on the fine root biomass in C. hystrix plantations
图 4 干季红椎人工林土壤有机碳化学组分（a）和指数（b）
Figure 4. Chemical composition (a) and index （b) of soil organic carbon in C. hystrix plantations in dry season
图 5 湿季红椎人工林土壤有机碳化学组分（a）和指数（b）
Figure 5. Chemical composition (a) and index (b) of soil organic carbon in C. hystrix plantations in wet season
图 6 土壤有机碳化学组分与植物、土壤和微生物指标相关性
TL.凋落物总量；LT.凋落物枝；LL.凋落物叶片；OL.其他凋落物；LS.凋落物皮；LN.凋落物针叶；LF.凋落物果实；FR.细根；ST.土壤温度；SM.土壤湿度；SBD.土壤密度；AFP.通气孔隙度；C:N.土壤碳/氮；MBC.微生物量碳；MBN.微生物量氮；16S rRNAA.16S rRNA 基因丰度；ITSA. ITS 基因丰度。TL, total litter；LT, litter twig；LL, litter leaf；OL, other litter；LS, litter skin；LN, litter needle；LF, litter fruit；FR, fine root；ST, soil temperature；SM, soil moisture；SBD, soil bulk density; AFP, Air-filled porosity; C:N, soil C:N; MBC, microbial biomass carbon; MBN, microbial biomass nitrogen, 16S rRNAA, 16S rRNA abundance; ITSA, ITS abundance.
Figure 6. Correlation of chemical components of soil organic carbon with plant, soil and microbial indices
图 7 土壤有机碳化学组分与环境因子之间的冗余分析
AC.烷基碳；OAC.氧烷基碳；ACC.芳香碳；CC.羰基碳。实线为土壤有机碳化学组分，虚线为环境因子。凋落物总量、凋落物果实、凋落物叶片、微生物量碳/氮对土壤有机碳4种碳化学组分有显著影响（P < 0.05）。AC, Alkyl C; OAC, O-alkyl C; ACC, Aromatic C; CC, Carbonyl C. The solid line is the chemical composition of soil organic carbon, the dotted line is the environmental factor. The total litter, litter fruit, litter leaf and microbial biomass carbon/nitrogen had significant effects on the four carbon chemical components of soil organic carbon (P < 0.05).
Figure 7. Redundancy analysis (RDA) between the chemical compositions of soil organic carbon and environmental variables
图 8 土壤湿度、细根生物量与凋落物量和土壤微生物量碳的关系
阴影部分代表95%置信区间。The shaded portion represents the 95% confidence interval.
Figure 8. Relationship between soil moisture, fine root biomass and litter mass, soil microbial biomass carbon
表 1 土壤基本理化性质
Table 1. Soil basic physical and chemical properties
组别
Group土壤温度
Soil temperature/℃土壤湿度
Soil moisture/%土壤密度
Soil bulk density/（g·cm−3）通气孔隙度
Air-filled porosity/%土壤pH
Soil pH土壤有机碳
soil organic carbon/（g·kg−1）土壤碳氮比
Soil C∶N干季
Dry season对照
Control18.47 ± 0.12 19.05 ± 0.41A 1.00 ± 0.04 5.82 ± 0.59 3.96 ± 0.02 3.97 ± 0.55 14.91 ± 0.83 处理
Treatment18.60 ± 0.31 13.82 ± 0.83B 1.01 ± 0.07 8.53 ± 0.58 3.96 ± 0.02 3.26 ± 0.49 13.08 ± 0.74 湿季
Wet season对照
Control23.81 ± 0.09 31.31 ± 3.37 0.99 ± 0.03 5.10 ± 0.66 3.90 ± 0.04 4.49 ± 0.38 15.79 ± 2.01 处理
Treatment24.04 ± 0.21 27.57 ± 0.77 0.86 ± 0.03 6.50 ± 0.04 3.92 ± 0.04 3.65 ± 0.44 13.20 ± 0.63 不同大写字母表示干季的减雨处理与对照的差异显著性（P < 0.05）。下同。Different capital letters showed significant difference in dry season treatment group (P < 0.05). The same below. 
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表 2 土壤微生物量和群落组成
Table 2. Soil microbial biomass and community
季节
Season组别
GroupMBC/(mg·kg−1) MBN/(mg·kg−1) 土壤微生物量碳/氮
MBC∶MBN16S rRNA基因丰度
16S rRNA abundance/
(107 copies·g−1)ITS基因丰度
ITS abundance/
(107 copies·g−1)干季 Dry season 对照 Control 695.44 ± 171.22 107.69 ± 31.81 6.65 ± 0.88 30.56 ± 4.03 4.43 ± 2.34 处理 Treatment 596.74 ± 240.91 101.00 ± 28.64 5.35 ± 1.53 23.53 ± 4.47 5.83 ± 0.66 湿季 Wet season 对照 Control 1 015.32 ± 204.54 118.03 ± 12.40 8.92 ± 2.07 37.24 ± 5.00 3.74 ± 0.65 处理 Treatment 1037.75 ± 168.01 146.69 ± 16.31 7.10 ± 0.83 43.97 ± 5.78 3.24 ± 0.43 MBC.微生物量碳；MBN.微生物量氮。MBC, microbial biomass carbon；MBN, microbial biomass nitrogen.
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