云杉花墨天牛成虫携带松材线虫数量的研究

王珏; 张彦龙; 舒红; 郑雅楠

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220262

云杉花墨天牛成虫携带松材线虫数量的研究

doi: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220262

王珏^1,,
张彦龙²,
舒红³,
郑雅楠^1, ,

1.
沈阳农业大学林学院，辽宁沈阳 110866
2.
中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所/国家林业和草原局森林保护学重点实验室，北京 100091
3.
辽宁省林业有害生物防治检疫站，辽宁沈阳 110804

基金项目: 辽宁省应用基础研究计划项目（2023JH2/101300130）

详细信息

作者简介:
王珏。主要研究方向：森林昆虫学。Email：wjgz173@163.com　地址：110866辽宁省沈阳市沈河区东陵路120号沈阳农业大学

责任作者:
郑雅楠，博士，副教授。主要研究方向：林草有害生物可持续性控制。Email：rockyya@163.com　地址：同上

中图分类号: S763.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-01
- 修回日期: 2023-06-08
- 录用日期: 2023-06-14
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-15
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-25

Study on the number of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus carried by Monochamus saltuarius adult

1.
College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
2.
Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
3.
Station of Forest and Grassland Pest Control and Quarantine, Shenyang 110804, Liaoning, China

摘要

摘要: 目的媒介昆虫携带松材线虫的数量对松材线虫的传播危害有着重要影响，明确我国松材线虫媒介昆虫云杉花墨天牛携带松材线虫的数量，对松材线虫防治具有重要意义。方法本研究于2018—2020年在辽宁省抚顺市大伙房实验林场开展了调查。采集被云杉花墨天牛危害的红松疫木，锯成1 m长木段，两端蜡封保湿，置于养虫笼内饲养，每天收集初羽化的云杉花墨天牛。同时通过悬挂诱捕器和震落收集感病红松林内的云杉花墨天牛并带回实验室。将所有收集到的云杉花墨天牛活体解剖为头、胸、腹3部分，采用贝曼式漏斗法分离其体内携带的线虫，并记录松材线虫数量。结果结果表明：疫木包网中收集的160头云杉花墨天牛初羽化成虫体内携带线虫的天牛有58头，占总体的36.25%。平均每头天牛携带松材线虫336.74条，携带量最多为5 560条，雌成虫平均携带量为458.52条，雄成虫平均携带量为191.54条，雌雄差异不显著；林间收集的274头云杉花墨天牛成虫体内携带线虫的天牛有38头，占总体的13.87%。平均每头天牛携带线虫214.92条，携带量最多为2 486条，雌成虫平均携带量为161.81条，雄成虫平均携带量为280.53条，雌雄差异不显著；云杉花墨天牛胸部线虫数量最多，平均为35.88条，其次是头部，平均为0.88条，最少的是腹部，平均为0.34条，胸部线虫数量显著高于其他两个部分的线虫数量。结论本研究发现我国云杉花墨天牛成虫体内松材线虫携带量远低于日本云杉花墨天牛，更低于松褐天牛的携带量，雌雄天牛成虫间携带量差异不显著，且松材线虫主要分布于天牛胸部。
- 云杉花墨天牛 /
- 松材线虫 /
- 携带量 /
- 媒介昆虫
Abstract: Objective The amount of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus carried by vector insects has an important impact on the transmission and damage of pine wilt disease, so it is necessary to clarify the carrying amount of Monochamus saltuarius vectoring B. xylophilus in China. Method The number of B. xylophilus carried by M. saltuarius was investigated in Dahuofang Experimental Forest Farm in Fushun City, Liaoning Province of northeastern China in 2018 to 2020. Pinus koraiensis trees infected by M. saltuarius were sawn into one meter long logs, sealed with wax at both ends to retain moisture, and placed in cages. The newly emerged M. saltuarius was collected every day. Meanwhile, the M. saltuarius was collected from infected P. koraiensis by hanging sentinel traps and shock-dropping methods, and brought to the laboratory. All the collected live M. saltuarius trees were dissected into three parts: head, thorax and abdomen to separate nematodes by the Bayman funnel method, then the number of B. xylophilus was counted. Result 58 vectors were tested carrying B. xylophilus among 160 newly emerged adults of M. saltuarius, accounting for 36.25% of the total. The average number of B. xylophilus carried by each M. saltuarius was 336.74, and the maximum number was 5 560. The average number of B. xylophilus carried by each female adult and male adult was 458.52 and 191.54, respectively, with no significant difference between male and female. 38 vectors were tested carrying B. xylophilus among 274 M. saltuarius adults collected in forest, accounting for 13.87% of the total. The average number of B. xylophilus carried by each M. saltuarius was 214.92, and the maximum number was 2 486. The average number of B. xylophilus carried by each female adult and male adult was 161.81 and 280.53, respectively, with no significant difference between male and female. The average number of B. xylophilus in thorax, head, and abdomen of M. saltuarius was 35.88, 0.88, and 0.34, respectively. The number of B. xylophilus in vector’s thorax was much higher than that in the other two parts. Conclusion It is found that the number of B. xylophilus carried by M. saltuarius in China was much lower than M. saltuarius in Japan and M. alternatus in this study. There was no significant difference in the carrying amount between male and female adults of M. saltuariu, and B. xylophilus was mainly distributed in the thorax of the vector.
- Monochamus saltuarius /
- Bursaphelenchus xylophilus /
- carrying amount /
- vector insect

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表 1 疫木包网中收集的云杉花墨天牛初羽化成虫携带松材线虫的比例

Table 1. Ratio of newly emerged M. saltuarius adults collected from the infected wood wrapped with a wire mesh screen carrying B. xylophilus

云杉花墨天牛 Monochamus saltuarius	携带松材线虫 Carrying B. xylophilus	不携带松材线虫 Not carrying B. xylophilus	合计 Total	携带线虫的天牛比例 Ratio of M. saltuarius carrying B. xylophilus/%	x²	P
雌成虫数量 Number of female adult	32	48	80	40.00	0.97	0.32
雄成虫数量 Number of male adult	26	54	80	32.50	0.97	0.32
合计 Total	58	102	160	36.25

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表 2 疫木包网中收集的云杉花墨天牛初羽化成虫携带松材线虫的数量

Table 2. Number of B. xylophilus carried by newly emerged M. saltuarius adults collected from the infected wood wrapped with a wire mesh screen

云杉花墨天牛 Monochamus saltuarius	体内松材线虫数量最大值 Maximum number of B. xylophilus	平均数量 Average number
雌成虫 Female adult	5 560	458.52
雄成虫 Male adult	3 620	191.54
合计 Total	5 560	336.74

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表 3 疫木包网中收集的云杉花墨天牛初羽化成虫（雌成虫和雄成虫）携带松材线虫数量频次

Table 3. Frequency of newly emerged M. saltuarius adults (female and male) collected from the infected wood wrapped with a wire mesh screen carrying B. xylophilus

携带的松材线虫数量 Number of carried B. xylophilus	雌成虫数量 Number of female adult	雌成虫比例 Ratio of female adult/%	雄成虫数量 Number of M. saltuarius male adult	雄成虫比例 Ratio of M. saltuarius male adult/%
1 ~ 200	26	81.24	23	88.45
201 ~ 400	1	3.13	1	3.85
401 ~ 600	1	3.13	1	3.85
601 ~ 800	0	0.00	0	0.00
801 ~ 1 000	0	0.00	0	0.00
≥1 000	4	12.50	1	3.85
合计 Total	32	100.00	26	100.00

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表 4 林间收集的云杉花墨天牛成虫携带松材线虫的比例

Table 4. Ratio of M. alternatus adults collected from forest carrying B. xylophilus

云杉花墨天牛 Monochamus saltuarius	携带松材线虫 Carrying B. xylophilus	不携带松材线虫 Not carrying B. xylophilus	合计 Total	携带松材线虫的天牛比例 Ratio of M. saltuarius carrying B. xylophilus/%	x²	P
雌成虫数量 Number of female adult	21	124	145	14.48	0.097	0.755
雄成虫数量 Number of male adult	17	112	129	13.18	0.097	0.755
合计 Total	38	236	274	13.87

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表 5 林间收集的云杉花墨天牛成虫携带松材线虫的数量

Table 5. Number of B. xylophilus carried by M. alternatus adults collected from forest

云杉花墨天牛 M. alternatus	体内松材线虫数量最大值 Maximum number of B. xylophilus in the body	平均数量 Average number
雌成虫 Female adult	1 127	161.81
雄成虫 Male adult	2 486	280.53

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表 6 林间收集的云杉花墨天牛携带松材线虫数量频次

Table 6. Frequency of M. alternatus adults collected from forest carrying Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

携带的松材线虫数量 Number of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus carried	雌成虫数量 Number of female adult	雌成虫比例 Ratio of female adult/%	雄成虫数量 Number of male adult	雄成虫比例 Ratio of male adult/%
1 ~ 200	16	76.20	12	70.59
201 ~ 400	3	14.28	2	11.77
401 ~ 600	0	0.00	1	5.88
601 ~ 800	0	0.00	1	5.88
801 ~ 1 000	1	4.76	0	0.00
>1 000	1	4.76	1	5.88
合计 Total	21	100.00	17	100.00

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表 7 松材线虫在云杉花墨天牛成虫体内分布情况

Table 7. Distribution of B. xylophilus in M. saltuarius adults

云杉花墨天牛 M. alternatus	天牛头部松材线虫数量 Number of B. xylophilus in the head of M. saltuarius	天牛胸部松材线虫数量 Number of B. xylophilus in the thorax of M. saltuarius	天牛腹部松材线虫数量 Number of B. xylophilus in the abdomen of M. saltuarius
雌成虫 Female adult	0.30	49.20	0.50
雄成虫 Male adult	1.83	13.67	0.08
合计 Total	0.88	35.88	0.34

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