Effects of nitrogen addition on the branch CO2 efflux of Larix principis-rupprechtii
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摘要:目的
枝CO2通量是林分碳释放的重要组成部分之一，研究模拟氮沉降下的华北落叶松枝CO2通量变化，可以为氮沉降背景下的华北落叶松林分固碳增汇管理提供一定的理论依据。
方法在2021年6—10月，以华北落叶松25年生中龄人工林和32年生近熟人工林为研究对象，设置对照（CK，0 kg/（hm2·a））、低氮（N1，75 kg/（hm2·a））、中氮（N2，150 kg /（hm2·a））、高氮（N3，225 kg/（hm2·a）） 4个强度的氮添加处理，并使用LI-8100A对枝CO2通量进行原位监测，同时采集枝条样品以测定其氮含量。
结果（1）华北落叶松枝CO2通量与空气温度基本呈现出“单峰型”月变化，峰值出现在6—8月，空气温度可以分别解释2个林龄枝CO2通量37% ~ 82%、40% ~ 70%的变化。（2）25年和32年生华北落叶松6—10月平均枝CO2通量随氮添加处理强度增加都呈增大的趋势，但只在N3处理下与CK差异显著（P < 0.05）。CK、N1、N2处理下，25年生枝CO2通量均显著高于32年生（P < 0.05）。除32年生的N1处理外，其余氮添加处理均降低了枝CO2通量的温度敏感性（Q10）。（3）氮添加处理显著增加了25年生枝氮含量（P < 0.05），32年生枝氮含量没有显著变化（P > 0.05）。2个林龄的华北落叶松枝CO2通量与枝氮含量均存在显著的负向线性关系（P < 0.01），且氮含量分别可解释25和32年生华北落叶松16%和32%的枝CO2通量变化。
结论枝CO2通量受空气温度、氮添加和林龄影响，在构建华北落叶松林木碳释放模型时应考虑这3个因素。
Abstract:ObjectiveBranch CO2 efflux is one of the important components of stand carbon release. Studying the change of branch CO2 efflux of Larix principis-rupprechtii under simulated nitrogen deposition could provide a theoretical basis for the management of carbon sequestration and sink increase of L. principis-rupprechtii forest under the background of nitrogen deposition.
Method25-year-old and 32-year-old plantations of L. principis-rupprechtii were selected. Four nitrogen addition treatments, i.e. control (CK, 0 kg/(ha·year)), low nitrogen (N1, 75 kg/(ha·year)), medium nitrogen (N2, 150 kg/(ha·year)) and high nitrogen (N3, 225 kg/(ha·year)) were set. From June to October in 2021, the branch CO2 efflux was monitored in situ using LI-8100A, and the branch samples were collected to determine the nitrogen content.
Result(1) The CO2 efflux and air temperature of L. principis-rupprechtii branches basically showed a “single-peak” monthly change, and the peak appeared from June to August. The air temperature could explain the changes of branch CO2 efflux of two stands by 37%−82% and 40%−70%, respectively.(2) The average branch CO2 efflux of L. principis-rupprechtii at 25-year-old and 32-year-old from June to October showed an increasing trend with the increase of N addition intensity, but only differed significantly under N3 treatment (P < 0.05). The CO2 efflux of CK, N1 and N2 treatments at 25-year-old was significantly higher than that at 32-year-old (P < 0.05). The temperature sensitivity (Q10) of branch CO2 efflux was decreased by N addition except for 32-year-old plantations under N1 treatment. (3) Nitrogen addition significantly increased the 25-year-old branch nitrogen content; there was no significant change in shoot nitrogen content in 32-year-old branch nitrogen content (P > 0.05). There was a significantly negative linear relationship between the branch CO2 efflux of L. principis-rupprechtii and the branch nitrogen content at both ages (P < 0.01). The nitrogen content can explain 16% (25-year-old) and 32% (32-year-old) variation of branch CO2 efflux.
ConclusionThe branch CO2 efflux is affected by air temperature, nitrogen addition and forest age. All three factors should be considered when constructing a tree carbon release model of L. principis-rupprechtii.
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图 1 枝CO2通量和空气温度月变化
柱形图表示的是枝CO2通量变化结果，折线图表示的是空气温度变化结果。The bar chart shows the result of branch CO2 efflux change, and the line chart shows the result of air temperature change.
Figure 1. Monthly variation of branch CO2 efflux and air temperature
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图 2 不同氮添加处理下温度标准化枝CO2通量的变化
E15为枝温度标准化（15 ℃）CO2通量。不同大写字母表示相同氮添加处理不同林龄间差异显著（P < 0.05），不同小写字母代表相同林龄不同氮添加处理之间差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。E15 means branch CO2 efflux at standard temperature (15 ℃). Different capital letters indicate significant differences between different stand ages under the same nitrogen addition treatment (P < 0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different nitrogen addition treatments in the same stand age (P < 0.05). The same below.
Figure 2. Changes in temperature-standardized branch CO2 efflux under different nitrogen addition treatments
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图 3 不同氮添加处理下枝氮含量的变化
Figure 3. Changes in branch nitrogen content under different nitrogen addition treatments
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图 4 枝CO2通量与枝氮含量的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between branch CO2 efflux and branch nitrogen content
表 1 样地基本信息
Table 1 Basic information of the sample plots
处理
Treatment25年生 25-year-old 32年生 32-year-old 林分密度/（株·hm−2）
Stand density/(tree·ha−1)平均胸径
Mean DBH/cm平均树高
Mean tree height/m林分密度/（株·hm−2）
Stand density /(tree·ha−1)平均胸径
Mean DBH/cm平均树高
Mean tree height/mCK 3 175 10.8 10.9 1 500 12.4 14.3 N1 3 625 10.1 11.8 1 325 14.9 13.7 N2 3 225 10.0 11.5 1 425 15.1 13.1 N3 3 200 10.1 11.4 1 450 13.6 13.3 注：CK处理为添加等量的水作为对照处理；N1、N2、N3处理分别为低氮、中氮、高氮处理，分别对应的氮添加强度为75、150、225 kg/（hm2·a）。下同。Notes: The CK treatment was the addition of equal amounts of water as a control treatment; the N1, N2, and N3 treatments were low, medium, and high nitrogen treatments, corresponding to nitrogen addition of 75, 150 and 225 kg/(ha·year) respectively. The same below. 
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表 2 测定样树基本信息表
Table 2 Basic information of the sampling trees
处理
Treatment25年生 25-year-old 32年生32-year-old 胸径
DBH/cm树高
Tree-height/m枝条平均高
Mean height of
branch/m枝条直径
Diameter of
branch/cm胸径
DBH/cm树高
Tree height/m枝条平均高
Mean height of
branch/m枝条直径
Diameter of
branch/cmCK 13.5 12.2 7.5 1.42 ~ 2.69 16.7 14.4 7.9 1.38 ~ 2.83 N1 15.2 12.8 7.6 1.36 ~ 2.03 17.8 15.4 8.8 1.87 ~ 2.81 N2 13.9 11.8 7.5 1.22 ~ 1.88 18.8 14.5 8.4 2.48 ~ 3.23 N3 12.8 11.7 7.3 1.44 ~ 1.52 20.0 14.8 8.2 2.50 ~ 3.20
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表 3 枝CO2通量与空气温度回归方程
Table 3 Regression equation of branch CO2 efflux and air temperature
林龄
Forest age处理
Treatment回归方程
Regression equationP R2 样本量
Sample sizeQ10 25年生 25-year-old CK ln E = 0.145T − 2.738 < 0.01 0.707 3 66 4.26 N1 ln E = 0.121T − 2.286 < 0.01 0.823 7 75 3.35 N2 ln E = 0.130T − 2.431 < 0.01 0.520 3 75 3.68 N3 ln E = 0.118T − 2.137 < 0.01 0.376 2 75 3.26 32年生 32-year-old CK ln E = 0.129T − 2.956 < 0.01 0.703 0 73 3.63 N1 ln E = 0.154T − 3.143 < 0.01 0.561 3 75 4.68 N2 ln E = 0.110T − 2.512 < 0.01 0.689 7 71 2.99 N3 ln E = 0.090T − 1.896 < 0.01 0.484 5 75 2.47 注：E为枝CO2通量值，T为空气温度，Q10为温度敏感系数。Notes: E is branch CO2 efflux, T is air temperature, and Q10 is the temperature sensitivity coefficient.
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