带状采伐毛竹林养分动态特征

郑亚雄; 范少辉; 周潇; 张璇; 官凤英

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220353

带状采伐毛竹林养分动态特征

doi: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220353

郑亚雄^{1, 2,},
范少辉¹,
周潇^{1, 2},
张璇^{1, 2},
官凤英^{1, 2, ,}

1.
国际竹藤中心，国家林业和草原局/北京市共建竹藤科学与技术重点实验室，北京 100102
2.
江苏宜兴竹林林生态系统国家定位观测研究站，江苏宜兴 214200

基金项目: 国际竹藤中心基本科研业务费（1632022018）

详细信息

作者简介:
郑亚雄，博士。主要研究方向：竹资源高效培育与利用。Email：zhengyaxiong502@163.com　地址：100102 北京市朝阳区望京阜通东大街8号国际竹藤中心

责任作者:
官凤英，研究员。主要研究方向：竹资源监测。Email：guanfy@icbr.ac.cn　地址：同上

中图分类号: S727.15
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-24
- 修回日期: 2022-09-15
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-18
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-25

Dynamic characteristics of nutrients in striped cutting Moso bamboo forests

Zheng Yaxiong^{1, 2
,},
Fan Shaohui¹,
Zhou Xiao^{1, 2},
Zhang Xuan^{1, 2},
Guan Fengying^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
2.
National Location Observation and Research Station of the Bamboo Forest Ecosystem in Yixing, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究带状采伐毛竹林中氮、磷、钾养分变化特征，为伐后竹林的养分管理策略提供科学依据。方法以8 m带宽采伐样地（SC）及其保留样地（RB）为研究对象，以传统经营毛竹林（CK）为对照，调查伐后5年内不同处理样地毛竹生物量、林下灌草生物量、凋落物产量及各组分相应的养分含量，量化养分流通量，计算不同处理样地的养分循环系数，比较不同处理样地的养分流动及循环特征的差异。结果（1）伐后第1年，不同处理样地内毛竹氮、磷、钾的留存量无显著差异；采伐样地中氮、磷的归还量减少；（2）伐后3年，保留样地中氮、磷、钾的留存量小于采伐样地和对照样地；采伐样地和保留样地中氮的归还量显著低于对照样地。（3）伐后5年，保留样地中氮的留存量小于采伐样地和对照样地；采伐样地中氮、磷、钾的归还量、养分贮量均与对照样地无显著差异；（4）带状采伐显著增加了氮、磷的利用系数（P < 0.05），随着样地的恢复各养分的利用系数逐渐下降，与对照无差异；采伐对氮、磷、钾的循环系数无显著影响。结论伐后5年氮、磷、钾养分贮量达到伐前和现期对照样地水平，从养分循环的角度证明伐后5年带状采伐样地能够恢复到对照样地水平。保留样地养分利用系数和循环系数从伐后第二个大年开始逐渐降低，需要进行密度调控，从而提高养分利用效率。
- 毛竹林 /
- 带状采伐 /
- 自然恢复 /
- 养分循环
Abstract: Objective This paper aims to study the dynamics of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) nutrients in Moso bamboo forest after strip cutting, so as to provide a scientific basis for nutrient management strategies in the amboo forest after logging. Method We selected the 8 m bandwidth strip cutting sample plots (SC) and its reserved sample plots (RB) as the research object, and the traditional management forest (CK) as control. The biomass of Moso bamboo, understory vegetation, litter yield, and corresponding nutrient contents of each component was investigated for five years after cutting. Therefore, nutrient flux was quantified, and the nutrient cycling coefficient of the Moso bamboo forest was calculated. The characteristics of nutrient flow and cycling were compared among different treatment sample plots. Result (1) In the first year after cutting, there was no significant difference in the retention of N, P, and K among different treatment sample plots. The return of nitrogen in SC was decreased. (2) Three years after cutting, the retention of N, P, and K in the RB was less than that in SC and CK. The return of nitrogen in SC and RB was significantly lower than that in CK. (3) Five years after cutting, the retention of nitrogen in RB was less than that in SC and CK. There was no significant difference in the amount of N, P and K returned and nutrient storage between SC and CK. (4) Strip cutting significantly increased the utilization coefficients of N, P (P < 0.05). With the restoration of sample plots, the utilization coefficient of each nutrient gradually decreased, and there was no difference with CK. Cutting had no significant effect on the cycling coefficients of N, P and K. Conclusion Five years after cutting, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient storage reaches the level of pre-cutting and CK. From the perspective of nutrient cycle, it is proved that SC could recover to the level of CK after 5 years. However, the nutrient use coefficient and recycling coefficient of RB gradually decrease from the second on-year after cutting, and density control management is needed to improve the nutrient use efficiency.
- Moso bamboo forest /
- strip cutting /
- natural restoration /
- nutrient cycling

HTML全文

图 1 不同处理样地毛竹地上、地下生物量变化动态

横坐标上部的柱状图代表毛竹地上部分新增生物量；横坐标下部的柱状图代表毛竹地下部分新增生物量。不同小写字母表示相同时间不同处理样地毛竹生物量存在显著差异（P < 0.05）；不同大写字母表示同一处理样地不同时间毛竹生物量存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。The column at the top of the abscissa represents the biomass of Moso bamboo in the aboveground part; the column at the bottom of the abscissa represents the biomass of Moso bamboo in the underground part. Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference in biomass between varied treatment sample plots at the same time (P < 0.05). Different capital letters indicate a significant difference in biomass between varied time in the same treatment sample plot (P < 0.05).

Figure 1. Dynamics of aboveground and underground biomass of Moso bamboo under different treatments

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图 2 不同处理样地养分留存年变化动态

星号表示研究地点在不同显著性水平上的差异，***、**和*分别表示P < 0.001、P < 0.01和P < 0.05。下同。Asterisks indicate differences between study sites at different levels of significance. ***, **and * represent P < 0.001, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively. The same below.

Figure 2. Annual changes of nutrient retention in different treatment sample plots

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图 3 不同处理样地养分归还年变化动态

Figure 3. Annual variation dynamics of nutrient return in different treatment sample plots

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图 4 不同处理样地养分贮量年变化动态

D图横坐标上、下部的柱状图分别代表毛竹地上、地下部分新增生物量。不同小写字母表示同一养分循环系数在不同处理样地间存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。The bar chart above and at the bottom of the abscissa represent the nutrient storage of the aboveground and underground part of Moso bamboo, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference in the same nutrient cycling coefficient between different treatment sample plots (P < 0.05).

Figure 4. Annual variation dynamics of nutrient storage in different treatment sample plots

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图 5 不同处理样地养分循环系数

不同小写字母表示同一养分循环系数在不同处理样地间存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference in the same nutrient cycling coefficient between different treatment sample plots (P < 0.05).

Figure 5. Nutrient cycling coefficients in different treatment sample plots

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表 1 试验样地基本信息

Table 1. Basic information of the experimental sample plots

样地 Sample plot	坡度 Slope/(°)	海拔 Altitude/m	密度/（株·hm⁻²） Density/(plant·ha⁻¹)	竹龄结构 Bamboo age structure (Ⅰ∶Ⅱ∶Ⅲ)	平均胸径 Mean DBH/cm	平均枝下高 Mean height to crown base/m	平均竹高 Mean bamboo height/m
SC1	5	113	3 250	18∶17∶17	8.68	4.10	12.91
SC2	6	113	3 861	17∶23∶22	9.13	4.60	13.75
SC3	6	113	3 187	16∶18∶17	8.49	5.09	13.21
RB1	6	113	3 452	19∶20∶16	8.83	4.76	12.85
RB2	6	114	3 815	21∶18∶22	8.88	4.06	13.22
RB3	5	114	3 687	19∶21∶19	9.38	5.07	13.53
CK1	6	113	3 657	17∶22∶20	9.06	4.23	13.33
CK2	6	113	3 756	20∶22∶18	8.77	4.43	13.63
CK3	5	114	3 948	21∶23∶19	8.90	4.40	13.21
注：Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ分别为1 ~ 2年生、3 ~ 4年生、5 ~ 6年生竹子。SC.采伐样地；RB.保留样地；CK. 对照。下同。Notes: Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ are 1−2 years old, 3−4 years old and 5−6 years old bamboo. SC, strip cutting sample plot; RB, reserved sample plot; CK, control. The same below.

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表 2 采伐移出养分总量 kg/hm²

Table 2. Total amount of nutrients removed from logging kg/ha

组分 Component	全氮 Total nitrogen	全磷 Total phosphorus	全钾 Total potassium
竹秆 Bamboo clum	189.07 ± 20.49	7.10 ± 0.65	112.60 ± 36.45
竹枝 Bamboo branch	41.69 ± 8.75	2.15 ± 0.46	19.04 ± 3.16
竹叶 Bamboo leaf	100.75 ± 6.92	5.79 ± 0.39	41.89 ± 7.39
合计 Total	331.51 ± 32.50	15.04 ± 0.53	173.54 ± 32.72

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表 3 竹蔸生物量全干质量对胸径的拟合模型及养分含量

Table 3. Model of bamboo rhizome dry mass to DBH and nutrient content

竹龄 Bamboo age	模型 Model	全氮 Total nitrogen (TN)/(g·kg⁻¹)	全磷 Total phosphorus (TP)/(g·kg⁻¹)	全钾 Total potassium (TK)/(g·kg⁻¹)
Ⅰ	W = −6.858 2 + 1.319 6 D_BH	4.140 ± 0.181	0.318 ± 0.027	3.466 ± 0.732
Ⅱ	W = −8.217 8 + 1.582 2 D_BH	3.610 ± 0.214	0.502 ± 0.057	2.995 ± 0.382
Ⅲ	W = −8.455 1 + 1.628 8 D_BH	3.472 ± 0.171	0.670 ± 0.019	2.112 ± 0.127
注：W为单株毛竹的竹蔸干质量（kg），D_BH为胸径（cm）。Notes：W is rhizome dry mass of single bamboo (kg), D_BH is DBH (cm).

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表 4 不同处理样地养分循环年变化动态特征

Table 4. Dynamic characteristics of nutrient cycling in different treatment sample plots

指标 Index	元素 Element	样地 Sample plot	年份 Year
指标 Index	元素 Element	样地 Sample plot	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
利用系数 Utilization coefficient	N	SC	0.51 ± 0.06Aa	0.25 ± 0.02Ac	0.43 ± 0.04Ab	0.16 ± 0.01Ad	0.28 ± 0.02Ac
		RB	0.26 ± 0.02Ca	0.12 ± 0.01Bc	0.18 ± 0.04Cb	0.10 ± 0.010Bc	0.13 ± 0.01Bc
		CK	0.34 ± 0.03Ba	0.10 ± 0.01Bc	0.31 ± 0.04Bab	0.10 ± 0.02Bc	0.27 ± 0.02Ab
	P	SC	0.50 ± 0.06Aa	0.30 ± 0.01Abc	0.39 ± 0.09Ab	0.24 ± 0.02Ac	0.28 ± 0.03Ac
		RB	0.25 ± 0.02Ba	0.21 ± 0.02Bb	0.25 ± 0.02Ba	0.13 ± 0.01Bc	0.11 ± 0.01Cc
		CK	0.31 ± 0.04Ba	0.18 ± 0.02Bbc	0.35 ± 0.03ABa	0.15 ± 0.01Bc	0.21 ± 0.04Bb
	K	SC	0.54 ± 0.06Aa	0.20 ± 0.01Acd	0.38 ± 0.03Ab	0.16 ± 0.02Ad	0.26 ± 0.05Ac
		RB	0.32 ± 0.02Aa	0.10 ± 0.00Bc	0.17 ± 0.05Bb	0.08 ± 0.01Bc	0.16 ± 0.02Bb
		CK	0.41 ± 0.05Aa	0.09 ± 0.02Bd	0.31 ± 0.04Ab	0.10 ± 0.02Bd	0.26 ± 0.05Ac
循环系数 Cycle coefficient	N	SC	0.16 ± 0.04Ac	0.43 ± 0.05Ab	0.14 ± 0.02Bc	0.53 ± 0.03Aa	0.19 ± 0.02Bc
		RB	0.13 ± 0.02Ad	0.29 ± 0.04Bb	0.20 ± 0.02Ac	0.45 ± 0.02Ba	0.29 ± 0.03Ab
		CK	0.15 ± 0.03Ab	0.44 ± 0.06Aa	0.17 ± 0.02ABb	0.45 ± 0.04Ba	0.19 ± 0.01Bb
	P	SC	0.11 ± 0.03Abc	0.21 ± 0.06Aa	0.08 ± 0.02Ac	0.16 ± 0.03Aab	0.10 ± 0.02Bbc
		RB	0.08 ± 0.01Abc	0.10 ± 0.03Bb	0.07 ± 0.00Ac	0.16 ± 0.02Aa	0.14 ± 0.01Aa
		CK	0.09 ± 0.02Aab	0.11 ± 0.01Ba	0.07 ± 0.00Ab	0.11 ± 0.02Ba	0.11 ± 0.02Ba
	K	SC	0.10 ± 0.03Abc	0.20 ± 0.03Aa	0.09 ± 0.01Cc	0.14 ± 0.04Ab	0.10 ± 0.02Bbc
		RB	0.08 ± 0.02Ac	0.18 ± 0.03Aab	0.16 ± 0.01Ab	0.21 ± 0.04Aa	0.17 ± 0.03Aab
		CK	0.08 ± 0.01Ab	0.18 ± 0.02Aa	0.11 ± 0.01Bb	0.16 ± 0.02Aa	0.10 ± 0.02Bb
注：不同大写字母表示相同时间同一养分循环系数在不同处理样地间存在显著差异（P < 0.05）；不同小写字母表示同一养分循环系数在同一样地内不同时间存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。Notes: different capital letters indicate a significant difference in the same nutrient cycling coefficient between different treatment sample plots (P < 0.05). Different lowercase letters indicate that the cycling coefficient of the same nutrient is significantly different at varied time in the same place (P < 0.05).

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