Effects of ant colonization on carbon accumulation and distribution in the forests of neighbouring mountains in the Napahai wetlands
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摘要:
目的 通过揭示纳帕海面山森林蚁巢与非蚁巢土壤总有机碳储量及活性有机碳组分的分配特征，为阐明蚂蚁活动对森林土壤有机碳沉积影响的过程及机制提供关键数据支撑。 方法 以纳帕海面山云杉—冷杉森林群落为研究对象，比较蚁巢和非蚁巢地2种处理土壤总有机碳储量、活性碳组分（微生物生物量碳、易氧化有机碳、颗粒有机碳、可溶性有机碳）及其碳分配（微生物生物量碳/总有机碳、易氧化有机碳/总有机碳、颗粒有机碳/总有机碳、可溶性有机碳/总有机碳）的差异，并分析蚂蚁筑巢活动引起土壤理化环境改变对总有机碳储量及活性有机碳组分分配的影响。 结果 蚂蚁筑巢显著影响土壤有机碳积累及活性碳组分分配（P < 0.05）。其中，蚁巢土壤有机碳储量是非蚁巢的5.7倍；蚁巢土壤总有机碳、微生物生物量碳、易氧化有机碳、颗粒有机碳含量分别提高了3.8、2.7、4.0、3.5倍；蚁巢土壤易氧化有机碳/总有机碳均值大小比蚁巢高出0.15%，而非蚁巢土壤微生物生物量碳/总有机碳、颗粒有机碳/总有机碳、可溶性有机碳/总有机碳均值分别比蚁巢高0.43%、3.3%、3.21%；不同处理和土层仅对土壤总有机碳、微生物生物量碳、颗粒有机碳和可溶性有机碳存在明显的交互作用（P < 0.05）；回归分析结果表明土壤微生物生物量碳、颗粒有机碳、可溶性有机碳和易氧化有机碳分别解释了96.45%、96.35%、95.13%、94.27%的总有机碳变化；主成分分析表明土壤密度、全氮和速效磷是总有机碳储量的主控因子，而速效氮、速效磷、土壤密度等是活性碳组分积累的主要驱动因子；全钾、含水量分别是颗粒性有机碳与可溶性有机碳分配的主要影响因子。 结论 蚂蚁筑巢主要通过改变土壤紧实度、氮磷养分条件等环境因子，进而调控纳帕海面山森林土壤总有机碳储量与活性有机碳组分的分配，研究结果有助于理解高原湿地面山土壤碳积累过程的土壤动物学调控机制。 -
关键词:
- 蚂蚁筑巢 /
- 土壤有机碳储量 /
- 土壤有机碳组分及分配 /
- 纳帕海面山森林
Abstract:Objective This study aimed to compare the storage of total organic carbon and the distribution of active organic carbon in ant nests and reference soils and to provide the key data support for expounding the impact of ant colonization on processes and mechanisms of carbon sequestration in forests of neighbouring mountains in the Napahai wetlands. Method We compared total organic carbon storage, active organic carbon components (i.e., total, microbial, easily oxidized, particulate, and dissolved organic carbon (total organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, easily oxidized carbon, particulate organic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon), and their distributions (MBC/TOC, EOC/TOC, POC/TOC, DOC/TOC) in ant nests and the reference soils in the Spruce-Fir community of neighbouring mountains in the Napahai wetlands. We also explored the ant-induced changes in soil physicochemical properties on organic carbon storage and active organic component distribution. Result Ant colonization significantly affected SOC accumulation and carbon distribution (P < 0.05). Soil organic carbon storage was 5.7 times higher in ant nests than in reference soils; the concentrations of TOC, MBC, EOC, and POC in ant nests increased by 3.8, 2.7, 4.0, and 3.5 times, respectively. The average ratios of MBC/TOC, POC/TOC, and DOC/TOC in reference soils were 0.43%, 3.3% and 3.21% higher than that in the reference soils. In contrast, the ratio of EOC/TOC in ant nests was 0.15% higher than that in reference soils. The soil layer and treatment had interactive effects on concentrations of TOC, MBC, POC, and DOC (P < 0.05), while there was no significant interaction on EOC. The regression analysis showed that MBC, POC, DOC and EOC can explain 96.45%, 96.35%, 95.13% and 94.27%, respectively, of the changes in total organic carbon. Principal component analysis showed that soil density, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were the main controlling factors of SOC storage, while available nitrogen and phosphorus, soil density were the main driving factors of active carbon accumulation, and total kalium are the main influencing factor for the distribution of particulate organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon. Conclusion Ant colonization mainly induced the changes soil density, total and available nitrogen, and available phosphorus, which in turn regulated total organic carbon storage and active organic carbon distribution. These results would contribute to the understanding of fauna regulatory mechanisms for soil carbon sequestration in the forests of neighbouring mountains in the Napahai wetlands. -
图 1 蚁巢和非蚁巢土壤采集示意图
Figure 1. Soil collection diagram of ant nests and the reference soils
图 2 蚁巢和非蚁巢土壤有机碳储量垂直变化
不同字母表示同一样地不同土层间差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。Different letters mean significant differences between different soil layers in the same site (P < 0.05). The same below.
Figure 2. Vertical variations in soil carbon storage of ant nests and the reference soils
图 3 蚁巢和非蚁巢土壤总有机碳及碳组分含量
Figure 3. Concentrations of total organic carbon and carbon components in ant nests and the reference soils
图 4 蚁巢和非蚁巢土壤活性有机碳组分占总有机碳比例
Figure 4. Percentage of different active organic carbon components of TOC in ant nests and the reference soils
图 5 土壤总有机碳与活性有机碳组分相互关系
Figure 5. Relationship between total soil organic carbon and active organic carbon components
图 6 蚁巢和非蚁巢土壤环境因子与总有机碳储量、活性碳组分之间的主成分分析
Figure 6. Principal component analysis of environmental factors and active organic carbon components in ant nests and the reference soils
表 1 不同处理（蚁巢与非蚁巢）、土层及其交互作用对土壤有机碳组分影响的方差分析
Table 1. ANOVA analyses on the effects of treatment (ant nests and the reference), soil layer and their interactions on soil carbon components
项目 Items df TOC MBC EOC POC DOC F P F P F P F P F P 处理 Treatment 1 29.04 < 0.001 46.76 < 0.001 41.53 < 0.001 39.11 < 0.001 0.086 0.773 土层 Soil layer 1 10.26 < 0.001 13.38 < 0.001 6.43 0.008 12.78 < 0.001 15.99 < 0.001 处理 × 土层 Treatment × soil layer 2 8.45 0.003 11.77 0.001 1.60 0.230 5.73 0.012 4.88 0.020 注：SOCs. 总有机碳储量；TOC. 总有机碳；MBC. 微生物生物量碳；EOC. 易氧化有机碳；POC. 颗粒有机碳 ；DOC. 可溶性有机碳。下同。 Notes: SOCs, total organic carbon storage；TOC, total organic carbon；MBC, microbial biomass carbon；EOC, easily oxidized carbon；POC, particulate organic carbon；DOC, dissolved organic carbon. The same below. 
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表 2 供试土壤基本理化性质
Table 2. Basic physicochemical characteristics of the sampled soils
土层 Soil horizon
处理 Treatment蚁丘 Anthill 0 ~ 20 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 蚁丘 Anthill
~ 40 cm0 ~ 20 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 0 ~ 40 cm 蚁巢 Nest 非蚁巢 Reference ST/℃ 22.75 ± 0.42a 19.12 ± 0.96b 13.55 ± 1.61c 18.47 ± 1.01b 18.65 ± 0.33a 11.95 ± 0.25c 15.30 ± 0.29b pH 6.95 ± 0.08a 7.03 ± 0.1a 5.74 ± 0.31c 6.57 ± 0.19b 6.25 ± 0.71a 6.14 ± 0.32a 6.20 ± 0.22a SWC/（g·kg–1） 25.35 ± 3.59a 18.33 ± 1.00b 21.03 ± 1.50a 21.57 ± 2.03a 26.12 ± 1.92a 21.24 ± 1.57b 23.68 ± 1.76b SD/（g·cm–1） 0.25 ± 0.01d 0.53 ± 0.06c 1.24 ± 0.07a 0.67 ± 0.04b 1.19 ± 0.02b 1.44 ± 0.06a 1.32 ± 0.04a TN/（g·kg–1） 2.40 ± 0.04a 1.70 ± 0.04b 0.59 ± 0.60c 1.56 ± 0.22b 1.79 ± 0.13a 0.56 ± 0.05c 1.18 ± 0.09b TP/（g·kg–1） 5.17 ± 1.03b 7.38 ± 1.39a 2.07 ± 0.34c 4.87 ± 0.92b 3.32 ± 1.24a 1.12 ± 0.12b 2.22 ± 0.68a TK/（g·kg–1） 11.00 ± 3.33b 16.00 ± 1.67a 11.86 ± 0.11c 12.95 ± 1.70b 15.82 ± 1.11a 11.27 ± 1.53c 13.55 ± 1.32b AN/（mg·kg–1） 558.50 ± 4.11b 657.47 ± 2.15a 145.19 ± 7.65d 453.72 ± 4.64c 155.74 ± 0.67a 63.35 ± 0.30c 109.55 ± 0.49b AP/（mg·kg–1） 112.31 ± 6.72c 267.92 ± 1.97a 18.03 ± 0.01d 132.75 ± 2.90b 15.79 ± 3.09a 6.83 ± 2.86c 11.31 ± 2.98b AK/（mg·kg–1） 719.14 ± 9.47b 836.40 ± 7.66a 168.30 ± 0.07d 574.61 ± 5.73c 216.37 ± 2.88a 153.94 ± 3.81c 185.16 ± 3.35b 注：表中数据为平均值 ± 标准差（n = 5）；不同字母表示同一样地不同土层间差异显著（P < 0.05）。ST. 土壤温度; SWC. 土壤含水量; SD. 土壤密度; TN. 全氮; TP. 全磷; TK. 全钾; AN. 速效氮; AP. 速效磷; AK. 速效钾。Notes: Data in the table are average values ± standard deviation (n = 5); Different letters mean significant differences between different soil layers in the same site (P < 0.05). ST: soil temperature; SWC: soil water content; SD: soil density; TN: total nitrogen; TP: total phosphorus; TK: total kalium; AN: available nitrogen; AP: available phosphorus; AK: available kalium.
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表 3 土壤有机碳储量及活性碳组分与环境因子之间的相关系数
Table 3. Correlation coefficients between the soil active organic carbon components and environment factors of soil
类型 指标
IndicatorsSBD pH TN TP TK AN AP AK 蚁巢 SOCs −0.600 0.532 0.734* 0.669 −0.674 0.151 0.927** 0.554 TOC −0.924** 0.875** 0.973** 0.893** −0.388 0.583 0.941** 0.907** MBC −0.867** 0.813* 0.777* 0.648 0.231 0.753* 0.448 0.861** EOC −0.192 0.565 0.173 0.403 0.424 0.824* 0.108 0.435 POC −0.889** 0.736* 0.938** 0.870** −0.441 0.388 0.907** 0.807* DOC −0.833* 0.738* 0.859** 0.686 −0.495 0.436 0.849** 0.784* 非蚁巢 SOCs −0.731** −0.289 0.757** 0.087 0.683* 0.679* −0.645* 0.549 TOC −0.651* 0.533 0.651* 0.519 0.145 0.793** −0.530 0.412 MBC −0.948** 0.458 0.949** 0.520 0.487 0.903** −0.396 0.859** EOC −0.726** 0.221 0.721** 0.284 0.228 0.616* −0.293 0.536 POC −0.712** 0.407 0.709** 0.356 0.419 0.903** −0.637* 0.483 DOC −0.827** −0.085 0.818** 0.255 0.574 0.584* −0.117 0.849** 注：*表示在0.05水平上差异显著；**在0.01水平上差异显著。Notes: * means significant difference at the 0.05 level; **means significant difference at 0.01 level.
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