Identification of ecological security pattern of Xiaoluanhe River Basin in Weichang County, Hebei Province of northern China based on MCR model
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摘要:目的
识别和评价区域生态安全格局，能为优化区域生态系统要素，改善区域生态安全状况提供重要依据。
方法本文利用InVEST模型，测算围场县小滦河流域碳固持、生境质量、水土保持和水源涵养4项重要生态系统服务功能，对该区域的生态系统服务功能进行综合评价，并利用最小累计阻力模型（MCR）构建该区域的潜在生态廊道。
结果全域共识别14个生态源地，构建34条生态廊道，其中19条廊道重要性较高。围场县小滦河流域南、中、北部的综合生态服务功能和生态源地的空间分布格局差异显著。南部低山区森林面积较大，综合生态系统服务功能较高，生态廊道网络较为密集。中部农牧区的人为干扰较严重，对南、北部间生态过程造成阻碍。北部邻近塞罕坝林场区域4项重要的生态系统服务功能较高，存在一些面积较大的生态源地，生态廊道重要性较高。小滦河流域整体生态连通性不高，除河流本身外，沟通南、北部的唯一生态廊道位于流域东部边缘，对区域安全格局具有重要作用。
结论围场县小滦河流域南部、中部和北部区域的生态系统服务功能具有较大差异，生态安全格局研究结果能为制定相应区域适宜的生态保护修复策略提供理论参考。
Abstract:ObjectiveEcological security pattern can provide important basis for optimizing various elements of ecological system and improving regional ecological security.
MethodIn this paper, four important ecosystem service functions, i.e., carbon sequestration, habitat quality, soil conservation, and water conservation were calculated using the InVEST model in the Xiaoluanhe River Basin of Weichang County, Hebei Province of northern China. And a comprehensive evaluation of ecosystem service functions in the region was carried out. The minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model was used to construct ecological corridors in this area.
ResultWithin the region, 14 ecological sources were identified, and 34 ecological corridors were constructed, of which 19 were of high importance. Comprehensive ecological service function and the spatial distribution pattern of ecological source in the south, middle and north parts of the Xiaoluanhe River Basin in Weichang County were significantly different. The forest area in the southern mountainous area was large, the comprehensive ecosystem service function was high, and the ecological corridor network was dense. The human disturbance in the central agricultural and pastoral areas was serious, which had hindered the ecological processes between the south and north. In the northern area near the Saihanba Forest Farm, four important ecosystem service functions were relatively high, and there were some large ecological sources, and the importance of ecological corridors was high. The overall ecological connectivity of the Xiaoluan River Basin was not high. Apart from the river itself, the only ecological corridor connecting the south and north was located on the eastern edge of the basin, which plays an important role in the regional security pattern.
ConclusionThe ecosystem service function and ecological security pattern of the southern, central and northern areas of the Xiaoluanhe River Basin in Weichang County differ greatly, and the security pattern constructed can provide theoretical reference for formulating appropriate ecological conservation and restoration strategies in each part of the region.
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Keywords:
- ecological security pattern /
- ecosystem service function /
- InVEST model /
- MCR model
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图 1 研究区位置及调查采样点分布图
Figure 1. Location of the research area and distribution map of survey sampling points
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图 2 围场县小滦河流域重要生态系统服务功能空间分布
Figure 2. Spatial distribution of important ecosystem services in Xiaoluanhe River Basin of Weichang County
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图 3 围场县小滦河流域生态系统服务功能综合评价
Figure 3. Comprehensive evaluation of ecosystem service function in Xiaoluanhe River Basin of Weichang County
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图 4 围场县小滦河流域生态源地
Figure 4. Ecological source area in Xiaoluanhe River Basin ofWeichang County
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图 5 围场县小滦河流域阻力面
Figure 5. Resistance surface in Xiaoluanhe River Basin of Weichang County
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图 6 围场县小滦河流域生态安全格局
Figure 6. Ecological security pattern in Xiaoluanhe River Basin of Weichang County
表 1 胁迫因子的最大影响距离和权重
Table 1 Maximum impact distance and weight of stress factors
胁迫因子
Stress factor最大影响距离
Maximum distance
of influence/km权重
Weight空间衰减类型
Spatial attenuation
type耕地 Cropland 2 0.2 线性 Linear 城乡用地
Urban and rural
land use8 1 指数 Exponential 裸地 Bareland 3 0.4 线性 Linear 主要公路 Main road 5 0.7 线性 Linear 次要公路 Minor road 3 0.4 线性 Linear 
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表 2 生境对各胁迫因子的敏感性
Table 2 Sensitivity of habitat to various stress factors
土地利用类型
Land use type生境适宜度
Habitat suitability胁迫因子Stress factor 耕地
Cropland城乡用地
Urban and rural land use裸地
Bareland主要公路
Main road次要公路
Minor road耕地 Cropland 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.6 林地 Forest land 1.0 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.9 0.7 草地 Grassland 0.9 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 水域 Waters 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 裸地 Bareland 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 城乡用地 Urban and rural land use 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 沙地 Sand 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3
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表 3 阻力因子权重及赋值
Table 3 Weight and value of resistance factors
阻力因子
Resistance factor权重
Weight因子分级
Factor classification阻力值
Value of
resistance土地利用类型
Land use type0.140 1 林地、水域
Forest land, waters1 灌丛、草地
Shrubland, grassland2 耕地、裸地
Cropland, bareland3 城乡用地、沙地
Urban and rural land use4 海拔 Altitude 0.047 6 909 ~ 1 211 m 1 1 211 ~ 1 378 m 2 1 378 ~ 1 529 m 3 1 529 ~ 1 935 m 4 坡度 Slope 0.077 0 ≤ 6.4° 1 6.4° ~ 13.6° 2 13.6° ~ 22.7° 3 > 22.7° 4 植被归一化指数
Normalized difference
vegetation index0.354 5 > 0.72 1 0.56 ~ 0.72 2 0.39 ~ 0.56 3 ≤ 0.39 4 距道路距离
Distance to road0.269 8 > 800 m 1 400 ~ 800 m 2 200 ~ 400 m 3 ≤ 200 m 4 距水域距离
Distance to waters0.110 9 ≤ 100 m 1 100 ~ 400 m 2 400 ~ 800 m 3 > 800 m 4
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表 4 源地间相互作用指数计算结果
Table 4 Calculation results of interaction index between ecological sources
源地编号
Source area No.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 2 39.08** 3 18.38** 54.64** 4 6.35* 10.25** 12.48** 5 2.53* 2.72* 3.34* 6.91* 6 1.71* 1.74* 2.14* 3.54* 48.44** 7 0.67* 0.57* 0.67* 0.68* 1.05* 1.04* 8 0.37 0.31 0.35 0.33 0.41* 0.37 0.89* 9 0.36 0.29 0.34 0.31 0.39 0.35 0.80* 0.3 10 0.33 0.27 0.31 0.28 0.33 0.29 0.44* 2.91* 0.23 11 0.27 0.21 0.25 0.22 0.26 0.23 0.33 0.53* 0.73* 0.21 12 0.35 0.28 0.32 0.29 0.34 0.3 0.48* 0.29 0.24 1.33* 0.21 13 0.3 0.24 0.27 0.24 0.28 0.24 0.31 0.35 0.49* 0.23 1.30* 0.24 14 0.28 0.23 0.26 0.23 0.26 0.22 0.27 0.23 0.29 0.28 0.34 0.37 0.23 注：*代表重要廊道（相互作用力大于0.4），**代表极重要廊道（相互作用力大于10）。Notes: * represents important corridors (interaction force greater than 0.4), ** represents very important corridors (interaction force greater than 10).
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