基于MCR模型的围场县小滦河流域生态安全格局识别

林一诚; 周怡宁; 郑景明

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20230026

基于MCR模型的围场县小滦河流域生态安全格局识别

doi: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20230026

1.
北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院，北京 100083
2.
北京林业大学水土保持学院，北京 100083

基金项目: 2020年承德国家可持续发展议程创新示范区建设科技专项（202008F014）。

详细信息

作者简介:
林一诚。主要研究方向：森林生态学。 Email：364415818@qq.com　地址：100083 北京市海淀区清华东路 35号

责任作者:
郑景明，副教授，硕士生导师。主要研究方向：森林生态学。Email：zhengjm@bjfu.edu.cn　地址：同上。

中图分类号: S771.8
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-03
- 修回日期: 2023-03-13
- 录用日期: 2023-08-23
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-26

Identification of ecological security pattern of Xiaoluanhe River Basin in Weichang County based on MCR model

1.
School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
2.
School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083

摘要

摘要: 目的识别和评价区域生态安全格局，能为优化区域生态系统要素，改善区域生态安全状况提供重要依据。方法本文利用InVEST模型，测算围场县小滦河流域碳固持、生境质量、水土保持和水源涵养4项重要生态系统服务功能，对该区域的生态系统服务功能进行综合评价，并利用最小累计阻力模型（MCR）构建该区域的潜在生态廊道。结果全域共识别14个生态源地，构建34条生态廊道，其中19条廊道重要性较高。围场县小滦河流域南、中、北部的综合生态服务功能和生态源地的空间分布格局差异显著。南部低山区森林面积较大，综合生态系统服务功能较高，生态廊道网络较为密集。中部农牧区的人为干扰较严重，对南、北部间生态过程造成阻碍。北部邻近塞罕坝林场区域4项重要的生态系统服务功能较高，存在一些面积较大的生态源地，生态廊道重要性较高。小滦河流域整体生态连通性不高，除河流本身外，沟通南、北部的唯一生态廊道位于流域东部边缘，对区域安全格局具有重要作用。结论围场县小滦河流域南部、中部和北部区域的生态系统服务功能具有较大差异，生态安全格局研究结果能为制定相应区域适宜的生态保护修复策略提供理论参考。
- 生态安全格局 /
- 生态系统服务功能 /
- InVEST模型 /
- MCR模型
Abstract: Objective Ecological security pattern can provide important basis for optimizing various elements of ecological system and improving regional ecological security. Method In this paper, four important ecosystem service functions, i.e., carbon sequestration, habitat quality, soil conservation, and water conservation, were calculated using the InVEST model in the Xiaoluanhe River Basin of Weichang County. And a comprehensive evaluation of ecosystem service functions in the region was carried out. The minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model was used to construct ecological corridors in this area. Result Within the region, 14 ecological sources were identified, and 34 ecological corridors were constructed with 19 of them were of high importance. Comprehensive ecological service function and the spatial distribution pattern of ecological source in the south, middle and north parts of the Xiaoluanhe River Basin in Weichang County were significantly different. The forest area in the southern mountainous area was large, the comprehensive ecosystem service function was high, and the ecological corridor network was dense. The human disturbance in the central agricultural and pastoral areas was serious, which had hindered the ecological processes between the south and north. In the northern area near the Saihanba Forest Farm, four important ecosystem service functions were relatively high, and there were some large ecological sources, and the importance of ecological corridors was high. The overall ecological connectivity of the Xiaoluanhe River Basin was low, except the river itself, there is only one ecological corridor connecting the north and south was locating at the eastern edge of the basin, which had played an important role in the regional security pattern. Conclusion The ecosystem service function and ecological security pattern of the southern, central and northern areas of the Xiaoluanhe River Basin in Weichang County differed greatly, and the security pattern constructed can provide theoretical reference for formulating appropriate ecological conservation and restoration strategies in each part of the region.
- ecological security pattern /
- ecosystem service functions /
- InVEST model /
- MCR model

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图 1 研究区位置及调查采样点分布图

Figure 1. Study area and investigation sample sites

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图 2 围场县小滦河流域重要生态系统服务功能空间分布

Figure 2. Spatial distribution of important ecosystem services in Xiaoluanhe River Basin of Weichang County

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图 3 围场县小滦河流域生态系统服务功能综合评价

Figure 3. Comprehensive evaluation of ecosystem services in Xiaoluanhe River Basin of Weichang County

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图 4 围场县小滦河流域生态源地

Figure 4. Ecological sources in Xiaoluanhe River Basin of Weichang County

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图 5 围场县小滦河流域阻力面

Figure 5. Resistance surface in Xiaoluanhe River Basin of Weichang County

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图 6 围场县小滦河流域生态安全格局

Figure 6. Ecological security pattern in Xiaoluanhe River Basin of Weichang County

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表 1 胁迫因子的最大影响距离和权重

Table 1. The maximum distance of influence and weight of threats

胁迫因子 Threat factor	最大影响距离 Maximum distance of influence/km	权重 Weight	空间衰减类型 Type of decay over space
耕地 Cropland	2	0.2	线性 Linear
城乡用地 Impervious surface	8	1	指数 Exponential
裸地 Bareland	3	0.4	线性 Linear
主要公路 Main road	5	0.7	线性 Linear
次要公路 Minor road	3	0.4	线性 Linear

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表 2 生境对各胁迫因子的敏感性

Table 2. Sensitivity of habitat types to each threat

土地利用类型 Land use type	生境适宜度 Habitat quality score	胁迫因子Threat factor
土地利用类型 Land use type	生境适宜度 Habitat quality score	耕地 Cropland	城乡用地 Impervious surface	裸地 Bareland	主要公路 Main road	次要公路 Minor road
耕地 Cropland	0.4	0.2	0.9	0.5	0.8	0.6
林地 Forest	1.0	0.5	0.8	0.2	0.9	0.7
草地 Grassland	0.9	0.2	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.4
水域 Water	1.0	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.4
裸地 Bareland	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
城乡用地 Impervious surface	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
沙地 Sand	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3

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表 3 阻力因子权重及赋值

Table 3. Weight and value of resistance factors

阻力因子 Resistance factor	权重 Weight	因子分级 Classification	阻力值 Value of resistance
土地利用类型 Land use type	0.140 1	林地、水域 Forest, water	1
		灌丛、草地 Shrubland, grassland	2
		耕地、裸地 Cropland, bareland	3
		城乡用地、沙地 Impervious surface, sand	4
海拔 Altitude	0.047 6	909 ~ 1 211 m	1
		1 211 ~ 1 378 m	2
		1 378 ~ 1 529 m	3
		1 529 ~ 1 935 m	4
坡度 Slope	0.077 0	≤ 6.4°	1
		6.4° ~ 13.6°	2
		13.6° ~ 22.7°	3
		> 22.7°	4
植被归一化指数 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index	0.354 5	> 0.72	1
		0.56 ~ 0.72	2
		0.39 ~ 0.56	3
		≤ 0.39	4
距道路距离 Distance to road	0.269 8	> 800 m	1
		400 ~ 800 m	2
		200 ~ 400 m	3
		≤ 200 m	4
距水域距离 Distance to water	0.110 9	≤ 100 m	1
		100 ~ 400 m	2
		400 ~ 800 m	3
		> 800 m	4

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表 4 源地间相互作用指数计算结果

Table 4. Calculation results of interaction index between ecological sources

源地编号 source code	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
2	39.08**	——
3	18.38**	54.64**	——
4	6.35*	10.25**	12.48**	——
5	2.53*	2.72*	3.34*	6.91*	——
6	1.71*	1.74*	2.14*	3.54*	48.44**	——
7	0.67*	0.57*	0.67*	0.68*	1.05*	1.04*	——
8	0.37	0.31	0.35	0.33	0.41*	0.37	0.89*	——
9	0.36	0.29	0.34	0.31	0.39	0.35	0.80*	0.3	——
10	0.33	0.27	0.31	0.28	0.33	0.29	0.44*	2.91*	0.23	——
11	0.27	0.21	0.25	0.22	0.26	0.23	0.33	0.53*	0.73*	0.21	——
12	0.35	0.28	0.32	0.29	0.34	0.3	0.48*	0.29	0.24	1.33*	0.21	——
13	0.3	0.24	0.27	0.24	0.28	0.24	0.31	0.35	0.49*	0.23	1.30*	0.24	——
14	0.28	0.23	0.26	0.23	0.26	0.22	0.27	0.23	0.29	0.28	0.34	0.37	0.23	——
注：代表重要廊道（相互作用力大于0.4），代表极重要廊道（相互作用力大于10）。Notes: represents important corridors (interaction force greater than 0.4), ** represents very important corridors (interaction force greater than 10).

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