Response and mechanism of plant leaf nitrogen and phosphorus resorption efficiency to nutrient addition in an alpine meadow
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摘要:目的
本研究旨在揭示植物叶片氮和磷重吸收率对氮磷添加及交互作用的响应和机理，明确高寒草甸植物养分利用策略多样性。
方法以高寒草甸优势植物（垂穗披碱草、发草、灰苞蒿和鹅绒委陵菜）为研究对象，基于氮和磷添加两因子交互试验，研究高寒植物叶片养分重吸收率对养分添加的响应。
结果（1）禾本科叶片氮重吸收率随氮添加而增加，但杂类草叶片不受影响；此外，4种植物叶片磷重吸收率均不受氮添加的影响。（2）磷添加对所有植物叶片氮重吸收率和两种杂类草叶片磷重吸收率没有显著影响，但提高了禾本科叶片的磷重吸收率。（3）氮和磷共同添加降低了垂穗披碱草、灰苞蒿和鹅绒委陵菜叶片氮重吸收率，但提高了发草叶片的氮重吸收率。此外，氮和磷同时添加对4种植物叶片磷重吸收效率没有显著影响。
结论综上所述，本研究揭示了养分富集下高寒植物3种不同的养分重吸收策略，即对外源获取的养分全部重吸收（绿叶养分增加但凋落叶不增加）、部分重吸收（绿叶和凋落叶同时增加，但凋落叶增加较慢）和不进行重吸收（绿叶和凋落叶均增加，但凋落叶的幅度大于或等于绿叶；或绿叶和凋落叶不响应）。这些研究结果为理解高寒植物养分内循环策略的多样性和互补性提供了一定的启示。
Abstract:ObjectiveThe purpose of our study was to reveal the response and mechanism of plant leaf nutrient resorption efficiency to nitrogen and phosphorus addition and their interaction, and to clarify the diversity of plant nutrient use strategies in alpine meadows.
MethodTo answer this question, we performed an experiment of N and P addition in an alpine meadow, measured leaf nutrient resorption efficiency in four dominant species (Elymus nutans, Deschampsia cespitosa, Artemisia roxburghiana, Potentilla anserina).
Result(1) N addition had positive effects on leaf N resorption efficiency (NRE) in graminoids, but the leaf NRE of forbs was not affected by N addition, while it did not affect P resorption efficiency (PRE) among four plant species. (2) P addition had no significant effect on the leaf NRE of all plants and the leaf PRE of two forbs, but increased the leaf PRE of graminoids. (3) N and P addition together reduced leaf NRE in E. nutans, A. roxburghiana and P. anserina, but increased NRE in D. cespitosa. Moreover, the combination of N and P addition had not significant effect on leaf PRE of four plants.
ConclusionOverall, our study indicates that alpine plants adopt three nutrient resorption strategies for more nutrient supply: full resorption (increase green leaf nutrient but no change in senescent leaf), partial resorption (more increase in green leaf nutrient than senescent leaf) and no resorption (similar increase in green and senescent leaf nutrient). These findings provide implications for understanding the diversity and complementarity of nutrient internal circulation strategies in alpine plants.
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图 1 沿土壤养分梯度植物养分重吸收率以及对应的绿叶和凋落叶养分的不同响应概念图
Figure 1. Conceptual diagram of nutrient reabsorption efficiency of plants along soil nutrient gradients and corresponding different responses of nutrients in green and fallen leaves
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图 2 4种植物叶片氮重吸收效率对氮添加（N）、磷添加（P）和氮磷同时添加（N + P）的响应
^、*分别表示在 P < 0.1、0.05水平上处理与对照差异显著。下同。^, * indicate a significant treatment effect compared with control treatment at P < 0.1, 0.05 level, respectively. The same below.
Figure 2. Responses of nitrogen resorption efficiency in four plant species leaves to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) addition and their combined treatments (N + P)
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图 3 氮添加（N）、磷添加（P）和氮磷同时添加（N + P）对4种植物绿叶和凋落叶氮含量的影响
不同小写字母表示差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference between control and treatment (P < 0.05). The same below.
Figure 3. Effects of nitrogen addition (N), phosphorus addition (P) and their combined treatments (N + P) on nitrogen concentration ingreen and senescent leaves of four plant species
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图 4 4种植物叶片磷重吸收率对氮添加（N）、磷添加（P）和氮磷同时添加（N + P）的响应
***表示在 P < 0.001水平上处理与对照差异显著。*** indicates a significant difference between treatment and control at P < 0.001 level.
Figure 4. Responses of phosphorus resorption efficiency in four plant species to nitrogen addition (N), phosphorus addition (P) andtheir combined treatments (N + P)
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图 5 氮添加（N）、磷添加（P）和氮磷同时添加（N + P）对4种植物绿叶和凋落叶磷含量的影响
Figure 5. Effects of nitrogen addition (N), phosphorus addition (P) and their combined treatments (N + P) on phosphorus concentration in green and senescent leaves of four plant species
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图 6 土壤有效氮或有效磷与4种植物绿叶和凋落叶的养分含量之间的关系
Figure 6. Relationship between soil available nitrogen or phosphorus and green or senescent leaf nutrient contents in four plant species
表 1 氮、磷添加及其交互作用对4种植物绿叶和凋落叶的养分含量以及氮和磷重吸收率影响的两因素方差分析
Table 1 Two-way ANOVA on the effects of nitrogen and phosphorous addition on green and senescent leaf nutrient concentration and nutrient resorption efficiency
物种 Species 指标 Index 氮添加
N addition磷添加
P addition氮磷交互作用
N × P interaction垂穗披碱草
Elymus nutans绿叶氮含量 Green leaf nitrogen content 9.503** 0.481 0.886 凋落叶氮含量 Senescent leaf nitrogen content 0.823 6.819* 0.488 氮重吸收率 Nitrogen resorption efficiency 0.766 39.198*** 15.953** 绿叶磷含量 Green leaf phosphorus content 6.794* 131.218*** 0.053 凋落叶磷含量 Senescent leaf phosphorus content 1.327 30.389*** 14.597** 磷重吸收率 Phosphorus resorption efficiency 12.460** 12.290** 22.770*** 发草
Deschampsia cespitosa绿叶氮含量 Green leaf nitrogen content 25.652*** 0.227 3.900 凋落叶氮含量 Senescent leaf nitrogen content 0.117 0.472 3.071 氮重吸收率 Nitrogen resorption efficiency 24.287*** 0.161 19.047*** 绿叶磷含量 Green leaf phosphorus content 21.625*** 28.256*** 1.834 凋落叶磷含量 Senescent leaf phosphorus content 2.227 18.638** 0.988 磷重吸收率 Phosphorus resorption efficiency 5.350* 0.009 6.918* 灰苞蒿
Artemisia roxburghiana绿叶氮含量 Green leaf nitrogen content 1.217 3.466 2.466 凋落叶氮含量 Senescent leaf nitrogen content 29.555*** 6.503* 2.600 氮重吸收率 Nitrogen resorption efficiency 0.701 2.203 0.580 绿叶磷含量 Green leaf phosphorus content 10.669** 56.367*** 2.207 凋落叶磷含量 Senescent leaf phosphorus content 9.194* 54.704*** 2.674 磷重吸收率 Phosphorus resorption efficiency 0.313 1.532 0.005 鹅绒委陵菜
Potentilla anserina绿叶氮含量 Green leaf nitrogen content 7.005* 1.971 0.017 凋落叶氮含量 Senescent leaf nitrogen content 72.432*** 1.885 8.259* 氮重吸收率 Nitrogen resorption efficiency 8.840* 5.448* 4.439 绿叶磷含量 Green leaf phosphorus content 0.734 67.760*** 0.950 凋落叶磷含量 Senescent leaf phosphorus content 0.353 33.474*** 1.900 磷重吸收率 Phosphorus resorption efficiency 4.163 1.476 0.762 
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