3种玉兰幼苗生长和生理特性对干旱胁迫的响应

冯潇; 田玲; 尹群; 贾忠奎

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20230312

3种玉兰幼苗生长和生理特性对干旱胁迫的响应

林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室，北京林业大学红花玉兰研究中心，林业生物质能源国际科技合作基地，国家能源非粮生物质原料研发中心，北京 100083

基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费专项（BLX202203），红花玉兰新品种温室育苗精准施肥制度研究，国家林业和草原局科技发展中心林业植物新品种与专利保护应用项目（KJZXXP202406）。

详细信息

作者简介:
冯潇。主要研究方向：林木种苗培育理论和技术。Email：Yishuhan@bjfu.edu.cn　地址：100083 北京市海淀区清华东路35号北京林业大学林学院

责任作者:
贾忠奎，教授。主要研究方向：生态林与城市森林培育理论和技术。Email：jiazk@bjfu.edu.cn　地址：同上。

中图分类号: S718.43
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-07
- 修回日期: 2023-12-26
- 录用日期: 2024-06-27
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-09
- 刊出日期: 2024-09-24

Response of growth and physiological characteristics of three Magnolia spp. seedlings to drought stress

State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Research Center of Magnolia wufengensis, Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation for Forestry Biomass Energy, National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要:
目的
研究干旱胁迫下天女木兰、望春玉兰、红花玉兰‘娇红2号’的生长和生理变化，揭示3种玉兰幼苗对干旱胁迫的响应机理，评价3种玉兰的抗旱性，为干旱地区引种、推广提供参考。
方法
以3种玉兰的2年生盆栽播种苗为试验材料，设置4个处理水平（土壤相对含水量80% ~ 90%（CK），60% ~ 70%（T₁），40% ~ 50%（T₂），20% ~ 30%（T₃）），干旱胁迫50 d后分析生长、生理等19个指标的变化。
结果
（1）中度和重度干旱胁迫（T₂、T₃）显著降低了3种玉兰的地径和各器官生物量增长量，显著增大了望春玉兰和红花玉兰‘娇红2号’的根冠比（P < 0.05）；重度干旱胁迫下（T₃），红花玉兰‘娇红2号’的株高和各器官生物量增长量显著高于望春玉兰（P < 0.05）；（2）与CK相比，T₁处理时红花玉兰‘娇红2号’叶绿素含量增加，其他干旱水平3种玉兰叶绿素含量逐渐降低；3种玉兰丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性随干旱加剧逐渐增加，T₃与CK均存在显著差异；望春玉兰脯氨酸含量先降低后升高，天女木兰和红花玉兰‘娇红2号’脯氨酸含量随干旱加剧呈上升趋势；3种玉兰过氧化物酶活性随干旱加剧变化规律不同，天女木兰过氧化物酶活性T₂处理最高，望春玉兰和红花玉兰‘娇红2号’T₃处理最高。（3）红花玉兰‘娇红2号’T₁处理净光合速率、胞间CO₂浓度、蒸腾速率最高，较CK分别高出2.67%、1.94%、3.09%，气孔导度和水分利用效率随干旱加剧逐渐降低；重度干旱胁迫（T₃）显著降低了天女木兰和望春玉兰的净光合速率、胞间CO₂浓度、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率（P < 0.05）。（4）隶属函数分析表明，3种玉兰抗旱性强弱为天女木兰 > 红花玉兰‘娇红2号’ > 望春玉兰。
结论
干旱胁迫影响了3种玉兰幼苗的生长和生理活性，使叶片细胞结构受损，植株生长缓慢，但植物能通过调节渗透调节物质含量和自身保护酶活性来抵御干旱，维持自身的正常生理代谢功能。综合各指标可知，天女木兰抗旱性最强，望春玉兰最弱。
- 玉兰 /
- 干旱胁迫 /
- 生长特性 /
- 生理特性 /
- 隶属函数法
Abstract:
Objective
This study investigated the effects of drought stress on growth and physiological changes of Magnolia sieboldii, M. biondii, M. wufengensis ‘Jiaohong No.2’ to explore the influence mechanism of drought stress on three Magnolia spp. seedlings, evaluate the drought resistance of Magnolia spp. seedlings, and provide a basis for the introduction and promotion of seeds in arid areas.
Method
The 2-year-old potted seedlings of 3 kinds of Magnolia spp. seedlings were used as experimental materials, 4 treatment levels (SWC80%−90% (CK), 60%−70% (T₁), 40%−50% (T₂), 20%−30% (T₃)) were set, and the changes of 19 indexes, including growth and physiology were analyzed after 50 d of drought stress.
Result
(1) Moderate and severe drought stress (T₂, T₃) significantly decreased the ground diameter increment and biomass increment of 3 kinds of Magnolia spp. seedlings, and significantly increased the root-shoot ratio of M. biondii and M. wufengensis ‘Jiaohong No.2’(P < 0.05). Under severe drought stress (T₃), the increment of plant height and biomass of M. wufengensis ‘Jiaohong No.2’ was significantly higher than that of M. biondii (P < 0.05). (2) Compared with CK, T₁ increased the chlorophyll contents of M. wufengensis ‘Jiaohong No.2’, and the content of chlorophyll in the 3 kinds of Magnolia spp. seedlings gradually decreased at other drought levels. With the intensification of drought, the content of malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, soluble protein and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase of the 3 kinds of Magnolia spp. seedlings gradually increased, and T₃ and CK showed significant differences. Proline content of M. biondii decreased first and then increased, and the proline content of M. sieboldii and M. wufengensis ‘Jiaohong No.2’ showed an increasing trend with the intensification of drought. The peroxidase activity of 3 kinds of Magnolia spp. seedlings varied with the intensities of drought. The peroxidase activity of M. sieboldii was the highest at T₂, and those of M. biondii and M. wufengensis ‘Jiaohong No.2’ were the highest at T₃. (3) The net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO₂ concentration and transpiration rate of M. wufengensis ‘Jiaohong No.2’ were the highest at T₁, which were 2.67%, 1.94% and 3.09% higher than CK, respectively. The stomatal conductivity and water use efficiency decreased gradually with the worsening of drought. Severe drought stress (T₃) significantly reduced the net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO₂ concentration, transpiration rate, stomatal conductivity and water use efficiency (P < 0.05) of M. sieboldii and M. biondii. (4) The analysis of membership function showed that the drought resistance of 3 kinds of Magnolia spp. seedlings was M. sieboldii > M. wufengensis ‘Jiaohong No.2’ > M. biondii.
Conclusion
Drought stress affects the growth and physiological activities of the 3 kinds of Magnolia spp. seedlings, damages the leaf cell structure and slows plant growth, but the plants could resist drought and maintain their normal physiological metabolic functions by adjusting their own osmoregulatory substance content and protective enzyme activities. Based on the indicators, the drought resistance of M. sieboldii is the strongest, and the drought resistance of M. biondii is the weakest.
- Magnolia spp. /
- drought stress /
- growth characteristics /
- physiological characteristics /
- membership function method

HTML全文

图 1 干旱胁迫对3种玉兰幼苗叶绿素含量的影响

Figure 1. Effects of drought stress on chlorophyll content of three Magnolia spp. seedlings

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图 2 干旱胁迫对3种玉兰幼苗丙二醛含量的影响

Figure 2. Effects of drought stress on malondialdehyde content of three Magnolia spp. seedlings

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图 3 干旱胁迫对3种玉兰幼苗渗透调节物质含量的影响

Figure 3. Effects of drought stress on osmoregulating substance content of three Magnolia spp. seedlings

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图 4 干旱胁迫对3种幼苗保护酶活性的影响

Figure 4. Effects of drought stress on protecting enzyme activities of three Magnolia spp. seedlings

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图 5 干旱胁迫对3种幼苗光合参数的影响

Figure 5. Effects of drought stress on photosynthetic parameters of three Magnolia spp. seedlings

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表 1 干旱胁迫对3种玉兰幼苗株高、地径增长量的影响

Table 1 Effects of drought stress on height increment and ground diameter increment of three Magnolia spp. seedlings

树种 Tree species	株高增长量 Plant height increment/cm				地径增长量 Ground diameter increment/mm
树种 Tree species	CK	T₁	T₂	T₃	CK	T₁	T₂	T₃
天女木兰 Magnolia sieboldii	7.260 ± 2.352Aa	4.080 ± 1.031Ab	1.920 ± 1.778Abc	1.100 ± 0.768ABb	0.740 ± 0.317Aa	0.460 ± 0.085Ab	0.320 ± 0.068ABb	0.190 ± 0.113Ab
望春玉兰 M. biondii	5.620 ± 0.756Aa	3.260 ± 0740Ab	1.800 ± 0.925Abc	0.800 ± 0.592Bb	0.740 ± 0.317Aa	0.490 ± 0.152Aab	0.262 ± 0.058Bbc	0.184 ± 0.117Ac
红花玉兰‘娇红2号’ M. wufengensis ‘Jiaohong No.2’	5.180 ± 2.466Aa	5.660 ± 3.480Aa	3.340 ± 2.405Aa	2.060 ± 0.953Aa	1.180 ± 0.379Aa	0.710 ± 0.411Ab	0.400 ± 0.125Ab	0.330 ± 0.125Ab
注：不同小写字母表示相同树种中不同干旱处理之间差异显著（P < 0.05）；不同大写字母表示相同干旱处理下不同树种之间差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。Notes: different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between varied drought treatments at the same tree species (P < 0.05); different capital letters indicate significant differences between varied tree species under the same drought treatment (P < 0.05). The same below.

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表 2 干旱胁迫对3种玉兰幼苗根、茎增长量的影响

Table 2 Effects of drought stress on root increment and stem increment of three Magnolia spp. seedlings

树种 Tree species	根增长量 Root increment/g				茎增长量 Stem increment/g
树种 Tree species	CK	T₁	T₂	T₃	CK	T₁	T₂	T₃
天女木兰 M. sieboldii	3.480 ± 0.047Ba	3.470 ± 0.039Aa	2.990 ± 0.056Ab	2.910 ± 0.091Ab	1.400 ± 0.015Ba	1.210 ± 0.117Ba	1.190 ± 0.615Aa	0.516 ± 0.038ABb
望春玉兰 M. biondii	3.320 ± 0.120Ba	3.010 ± 0.100Bb	2.940 ± 0.133Ab	2.620 ± 0.660Bc	1.280 ± 0.053Ca	0.950 ± 0.058Cb	0.650 ± 0.118Ac	0.280 ± 0.167Bd
红花玉兰 ‘娇红2号’ M. wufengensis ‘Jiaohong No.2’	3.670 ± 0.083Aa	3.580 ± 0.091Aa	3.120 ± 0.139Ab	2.790 ± 0.840Ac	1.550 ± 0.043Aa	1.440 ± 0.486Aa	1.040 ± 0.008Ab	0.620 ± 0.103Ac

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表 3 干旱胁迫对3种玉兰幼苗叶增长量、根冠比的影响

Table 3 Effects of drought stress on leaf increment and root-shoot ratio of three Magnolia spp. seedlings

树种 Tree species	叶增长量 Leaf increment/g				根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
树种 Tree species	CK	T₁	T₂	T₃	CK	T₁	T₂	T₃
天女木兰 M. sieboldii	1.660 ± 0.011ABa	1.600 ± 0.878Aa	0.980 ± 0.257Bb	0.690 ± 0.068Bc	1.450 ± 0.008Ab	1.520 ± 0.007Ab	1.660 ± 0.274Ab	2.200 ± 0.028Ba
望春玉兰 M. biondii	1.580 ± 0.064Ba	1.360 ± 0.057Bb	0.830 ± 0.058Cb	0.560 ± 0.539Cc	1.470 ± 0.019Ad	1.590 ± 0.042Ac	1.920 ± 0.028Ab	2.300 ± 0.128Aa
红花玉兰 ‘娇红2号’ M. wufengensis ‘Jiaohong No.2’	1.760 ± 0.070Aa	1.660 ± 0.073Aa	1.270 ± 0.047Ab	0.930 ± 0.589Ac	1.340 ± 0.055Bc	1.390 ± 0.087Bc	1.610 ± 0.033Ab	1.770 ± 0.072Ca

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表 4 干旱胁迫下3种玉兰幼苗隶属函数值

Table 4 Subordinate function values of three Magnolia spp. seedlings under drought stress

指标 Index	天女木兰 M. sieboldii	望春玉兰 M. biondii	红花玉兰‘娇红2号’ M. wufengensis ‘Jiaohong No.2’
株高增长量 Plant height increment	0.238	1.000	0.000
地径增长量 Ground diameter increment	0.000	1.000	0.067
根增长量 Root increment	1.000	0.000	0.595
茎增长量 Stem increment	0.701	0.000	1.000
叶增长量 Leaf increment	0.361	0.000	1.000
根冠比 Root-shoot ratio	0.825	1.000	0.000
叶绿素 Chlorophyll	0.060	1.000	0.000
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	0.418	0.000	1.000
可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein	0.213	0.000	1.000
脯氨酸 Proline	0.218	0.000	1.000
丙二醛 Malondialdehyde	1.000	0.518	0.000
超氧化物歧化酶 Superoxide dismutase	0.000	0.398	1.000
过氧化物酶 Peroxidase	0.000	0.447	1.000
过氧化氢酶 Catalase	1.000	0.632	0.000
净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate	1.000	0.489	0.000
胞间 CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration	1.000	0.000	0.641
气孔导度 Stomatal conductivity	1.000	0.150	0.000
蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate	1.000	0.391	0.000
水分利用效率 Water use efficiency	1.000	0.889	0.000
平均值 Average value	0.581	0.417	0.437
抗旱性排序 Drought resistance ranking	1	3	2

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