板栗‘燕山早丰’柱头可授性和最适授粉时间

刘淑玟; 郭素娟

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20230368

板栗‘燕山早丰’柱头可授性和最适授粉时间

刘淑玟,
郭素娟^,

北京林业大学，林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室，森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室，北京 100083

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD2200400），林业和草原科技成果国家级推广项目（2020133118）。

详细信息

作者简介:
刘淑玟。主要研究方向：经济林（果树）培育与利用。Email：2661242172@qq.com　地址：100083 北京市海淀区清华东路 35 号北京林业大学林学院

责任作者:
郭素娟，教授。主要研究方向：经济林（果树）培育与利用。Email：gwangzs@263.net　地址：同上。

中图分类号: S664.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-21
- 修回日期: 2024-04-24
- 录用日期: 2024-12-17
- 网络出版日期: 2024-12-23
- 刊出日期: 2025-01-24

Stigma receptivity and optimal pollination time of chestnut ‘Yanshanzaofeng’

Liu Shuwen,
Guo Sujuan^,

State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要:
目的
探明板栗‘燕山早丰’柱头可授性和杂交花粉活力的有效检测方法及日变化规律，筛选板栗‘燕山早丰’最适授粉时间，为实现其高效杂交育种提供理论依据。
方法
以河北省迁西县主栽板栗品种‘燕山早丰’为母本，选择与其花期相近且具有多粒、矮化等特异性状的‘王钱大栗’‘短枝芽变’‘三屯红栗’为父本，分别于雌雄盛花期不同时段进行人工授粉试验。首先，采用联苯胺–过氧化氢法和MTT染色法测定柱头可授性，TTC、I₂-KI、醋酸洋红染色法和离体萌发法测定花粉活力。然后，在此基础上，于盛花期单日08:00—18:00每隔2 h取样，通过分析柱头可授性和花粉活力的日变化规律、坐果率和结实率等指标，探究‘燕山早丰’的最适授粉时间。
结果
（1）采用联苯胺–过氧化氢法与MTT染色法检测‘燕山早丰’柱头可授性，前者反应迅速且柱头出现大量气泡，后者柱头变色用时较长。（2）醋酸洋红染色法对花粉活力检测效果最好，花粉活力均在75%以上，I₂-KI染色法次之，其他方法效果不明显。（3）盛花期单日10:00—12:00柱头可授性和花粉活力最好。（4）不同杂交组合中，结实率最高值均出现在08:00—12:00授粉时段，以‘王钱大栗’和‘三屯红栗’为父本结实率最高。
结论
板栗‘燕山早丰’最适杂交授粉时段为盛花期单日10:00—12:00。研究结果将为板栗人工杂交育种的成功提供理论指导，同时对解析板栗生殖生物学特性和繁殖机制具有重要意义。
- 板栗 /
- 授粉时间 /
- 柱头可授性 /
- 联苯胺-过氧化氢 /
- 花粉活力
Abstract:
Objective
The objective of this study is to investigate the effective detection method and variation law of stigma receptivity of chestnut ‘Yanshanzaofeng’ and hybrid pollen viability, and to screen the optimal pollination time of chestnut ‘Yanshanzaofeng’, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the realization of efficient hybrid breeding.
Method
The main chestnut variety ‘Yanshanzaofeng’ in Qianxi County, Hebei Province of northern China was selected as the female parent, and varieties ‘Wangqiandali’, ‘Duanzhiyabian’ and ‘Santunhongli’ were selected as the male parents with feature such as multi-seed and dwarf, and the artificial pollination experiments were carried out at different time of flowering periods. Firstly, benzidine-hydrogen peroxide and MTT staining were used to determine stigma receptivity, TTC, I₂-KI and magenta acetate staining and in vitro germination method were used to determine pollen viability, and then on this basis, samples were taken every 2 h from 08:00 to 18:00 on a single day during the full flowering period. The optimal pollination time of ‘Yanshanzaofeng’ was explored by analyzing the variation law of stigma receptivity and pollen viability, fruit setting rate and seed setting rate.
Result
(1) Benididine-hydrogen peroxide and MTT staining were used to detect the stigma receptivity of ‘Yanshanzaofeng’, the former had a rapid response and a large number of bubbles appeared on the stigma, and the latter took a long time for stigma to change color. (2) Magenta acetate staining had the best effect on pollen viability, with the pollen viability above 75%, followed by I₂-KI staining, and the effect of other methods was not obvious. (3) The stigma receptivity and pollen viability were best from 10:00 to 12:00 in the full flowering period. (4) Among different hybrid combinations, the highest seed setting rate occurred during the pollination period from 08:00 to 12:00, and the seed setting rate of ‘Wangqiandali’ and ‘Santunhongli’ as the male parents was the highest.
Conclusion
The most suitable hybrid pollination time for chestnut ‘Yanshanzaofeng’ is 10:00−12:00 on a single day during the full flowering period. The results of this study will provide theoretical guidance for the success of artificial cross-breeding of chestnut, and great significance for analyzing the reproductive biological characteristics and reproductive mechanism of chestnut.
- chestnut /
- pollination time /
- stigma receptivity /
- benzidine-hydrogen peroxide /
- pollen viability

HTML全文

图 1 不同方法测定‘燕山早丰’花粉活力效果

a. 清水对照；b. 0.5%TTC染色法；c. 2%TTC染色法；d. 醋酸洋红染色法；e. I₂-KI染色法；f. 离体萌发法

Figure 1. Effects of different methods on measuring pollen viability of ‘Yanshanzaofeng’

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 联苯胺–过氧化氢法（a）和MTT染色法（b）检测‘燕山早丰’柱头可授性

Figure 2. Detecting stigma receptivity of ‘Yanshanzaofeng’ according to benzidine hydrogen peroxide method (a) and MTT method (b)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 联苯胺–过氧化氢法检测‘燕山早丰’盛花期单日柱头可授性

a. 08:00—10:00；b. 10:00—12:00；c. 12:00—14:00；d. 14:00—16:00；e. 16:00—18:00

Figure 3. Detecting single day stigma receptivity during blooming period of ‘Yanshanzaofeng’ by benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 各授粉组合盛花期单日不同时段授粉结果

a.‘燕山早丰’♀ × ‘王钱大栗’♂；b.‘燕山早丰’♀ × ‘短枝芽变’♂；c.‘燕山早丰’♀ × ‘三屯红栗’♂；d.‘燕山早丰’♀ × ‘燕山早丰’♂。不同小写字母表示同一授粉组合单日内不同时间授粉后结实情况存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。

Figure 4. Pollination results of different combinations at varied times in a single day during blooming period

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同板栗品种盛花期花粉活力变化

Table 1 Changes in pollen viability of different chestnut cultivars at full flowering stage %

时段	‘燕山早丰’	‘短枝芽变’	‘王钱大栗’	‘三屯红栗’
08:00—10:00	84.78ab	90.47a	83.71b	88.58a
10:00—12:00	90.71a	91.32a	87.26a	88.97a
12:00—14:00	80.65ab	88.93a	75.34c	82.23a
14:00—16:00	81.14ab	90.63a	79.49c	83.76a
16:00—18:00	78.63b	86.89a	78.26c	80.53a
注：不同小写字母表示同一品种单日内不同时间花粉活力存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。下同。

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表 2 联苯胺–过氧化氢法检测‘燕山早丰’盛花期单日不同时间柱头可授性

Table 2 Detecting single day stigma receptivity during full flowering period of ‘Yanshanzaofeng’ by benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method

时段	柱头反应	柱头可授性
08:00—10:00	浸泡在溶液中3 ~ 5 min后，柱头表面出现大量气泡，且体积较大	+++
10:00—12:00	浸泡溶液3 min左右，柱头表面出现大量气泡，气泡密集且体积较大	+++
12:00—14:00	浸泡溶液5 min后，柱头表面出现少量气泡，体积较小	+
14:00—16:00	浸泡溶液5 min后，柱头表面出现气泡，气泡密集	+++
16:00—18:00	浸泡溶液5 min后，柱头表面出现大体积气泡，但数量较少	++
注：+++. 柱头可授性极强；++. 柱头可授性较强；+. 柱头具可授性。

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表 3 各授粉组合盛花期单日不同时间授粉结实情况

Table 3 Pollination and seed setting at different times of a single day during blooming period of each pollination combination

授粉组合	授粉时段	结实率（1粒）/%	结实率（2粒）/%	结实率（3粒）/%	总结实率/%
‘燕山早丰’♀ × ‘王钱大栗’♂	08:00—10:00	10.76a	14.71a	53.83a	79.30a
	10:00—12:00	9.64a	15.62a	55.10a	80.36a
	12:00—14:00	12.24a	17.78a	30.58b	60.60bc
	14:00—16:00	5.21a	20.96a	44.24ab	70.42ab
	16:00—18:00	12.35a	12.92a	29.86b	55.12c
‘燕山早丰’♀ × ‘短枝芽变’♂	08:00—10:00	10.59a	8.07ab	40.69a	59.35a
	10:00—12:00	4.98a	7.40ab	43.72a	56.10a
	12:00—14:00	7.13a	3.25b	26.20ab	36.59b
	14:00—16:00	5.67a	12.61a	34.56a	52.85a
	16:00—18:00	7.28a	8.01ab	23.62ab	38.90ab
‘燕山早丰’♀ × ‘三屯红栗’♂	08:00—10:00	3.25b	19.76a	53.41a	76.42a
	10:00—12:00	10.60a	17.28ab	50.98a	78.86a
	12:00—14:00	14.65a	17.31ab	29.02b	60.98ab
	14:00—16:00	13.82a	17.32ab	39.06ab	70.20ab
	16:00—18:00	11.38a	16.50b	29.02b	56.91b
‘燕山早丰’♀ × ‘燕山早丰’♂	08:00—10:00	23.80a	4.70a	2.82a	31.32a
	10:00—12:00	21.12a	4.17ab	2.50ab	27.79ab
	12:00—14:00	17.63a	3.25ab	1.95ab	22.83ab
	14:00—16:00	20.07a	3.96ab	2.38ab	26.40ab
	16:00—18:00	16.84a	2.73b	1.64b	21.21b
注：不同小写字母表示同一授粉组合单日内不同时段授粉后结实情况存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。

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