锡铋合金/肉豆蔻酸制备具有金属外壳的储能木材

韦溶军; 王志闯; 王雪纯; 王婷欢; 王振宇; 何正斌; 伊松林

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20240084

锡铋合金/肉豆蔻酸制备具有金属外壳的储能木材

Preparation of energy storage wood with metallic shell by Sn-Bi alloy/myristic acid

摘要

摘要:
目的利用锡铋合金对肉豆蔻酸浸渍材进行热处理，在热的驱动下将锡铋合金引入木材内部，以解决木基相变储能材料面临的液体泄漏和导热性差问题。
方法以浸渍了肉蔻豆酸的杨木为基材，通过高低温交替热处理将锡铋合金与基材结合，制备具有金属外壳的储能木材。利用扫描电镜、邵氏硬度计、万能力学试验机、导热系数仪、差式扫描量热仪对储能木材的微观形貌、端面硬度、顺纹抗压强度和热性能进行测试。
结果在160 ~ 220 ℃热处理1 ~ 5 min下试样质量增长效果显著，力学性能与热性能随着热处理温度的上升与时间的延长而提升，顺纹抗压强度和端面硬度相较于未处理材分别提升了120.02% ~ 149.59%、13.53% ~ 46.93%，轴向、径向导热率分别提升了34.18% ~ 165.67%、38.11% ~ 80.70%。在190 ℃热处理5 min条件下锡铋合金的填充效果最佳，端面硬度、轴向、径向导热率达到最高值62.65 HD、0.532 4和0.298 7 W/(m·K)。木材内部肉豆蔻酸的留存率介于27.54% ~ 63.68%之间，经过160℃热处理3 min后储能密度最高（59.38 J/cm³）。
结论高低温交替热处理促使锡铋合金进入到木材的导管内，实现了不同程度的渗透。木材的三维孔隙结构与外层填充的锡铋合金解决了相变材料的液体泄漏及导热性差问题。制备的储能木材综合了木材、金属与相变材料的优势，具有更优异的端面硬度、顺纹抗压强度与热性能，有望应用于建筑墙体和储能地板等领域。

Abstract:
Objective In order to solve the problems of liquid leakage and poor thermal conductivity faced by wood-based phase change energy storage materials, we heat-treated myristic acid impregnated wood using Sn-Bi alloy, and introduced it into the wood under the drive of heat.
Method Taking poplar wood impregnated with myristic acid as matrix, Sn-Bi alloy was combined with the matrix by alternating high and low temperature heat treatments to prepare energy storage wood with metal shells. Scanning electron microscope, Shore hardness tester, universal mechanics tester, thermal conductivity meter and differential scanning calorimeter were used to test the micro-morphology, surface hardness, compressive strength parallel to grain and thermal properties of the energy storage wood.
Result The mass gain of samples during heat treatment at 160−220 ℃ for 1−5 min was significant. The mechanical and thermal properties of samples were improved with the increase of heat treatment temperature and time. Compared with untreated wood, the compressive strength parallel to grain and surface hardness were increased by 120.02%−149.59% and 13.53%−46.93%, respectively, and the axial and radial thermal conductivity were increased by 34.18%−165.67% and 38.11%−80.70%, respectively. The Sn-Bi alloy was filled best when heat-treated at 190 ℃ for 5 min, with surface hardness, axial and radial thermal conductivity reaching the highest values of 62.65 HD, 0.5324 and 0.2987 W/(m·K). Retention of myristic acid within the wood ranged from 27.54% to 63.68%, and the highest energy storage density of 59.38 J/cm³ was achieved after heat treating at 160 ℃ for 3 min.
Conclusion Alternating high and low temperature heat treatment prompts the Sn-Bi alloy entering into the vessel of the wood, achieving different degrees of penetration. Three dimensional pore structures of wood and Sn-Bi alloy filled outside solves the problems of liquid leakage and poor thermal conductivity of phase change materials. The prepared energy storage wood combines the advantages of wood, metal and phase change materials, with better surface hardness, compressive strength parallel to grain and thermal properties, making it prospective for applications in building walls and energy-storage floors.

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