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    钻孔诱导的棋楠沉香品质与特征化学成分

    Quality and characteristic chemical composition of Chinese agarwood ‘Qi-Nan’ induced by drilling

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 本研究旨在了解棋楠沉香钻孔结香适用距离，并探索其结香质量，为棋楠沉香应用和生产提供指导。
      方法 采用不同距离钻孔诱导棋楠木结香，即4 cm（FW）、8 cm（EW）和16 cm（SW）。处理12个月后分析棋楠所结沉香的醇溶性提取物含量（质量分数）、精油含量（质量分数）以及显色反应。通过气相色谱–质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分析沉香中的挥发性特征化学成分，即倍半萜类和2-(2-苯乙基)色酮（PECs），并进一步通过高效液相色谱–质谱联用仪（HPLC- MS）分析沉香中非挥发性的PECs。
      结果 （1）FW、EW和SW处理的沉香醇溶性提取物含量分别为（42.01 ± 1.86）%、（46.60 ± 0.73）%和（42.54 ± 2.15）%，精油含量分别为（37.47 ± 1.45）%、（40.47 ± 0.91）%和（37.33 ± 1.14）%。（2）棋楠沉香样品的显色反应表现为紫色、樱桃红和紫红色，其理化显色反应均符合《中华人民共和国药典》要求。（3）共鉴定出40种挥发性特征化学成分，其中FW、EW、SW处理下倍半萜与PECs的数量之和分别为36、38和38种，相对含量之和分别达86.63%、91.89%和79.10%。（4）共鉴定出62种非挥发性PECs，其中双环氧2-(2-苯乙基)色酮（DEPECs）、单环氧2-(2-苯乙基)色酮（EPECs）、四氢2-(2-苯乙基)色酮（THPECs）和flidersia类型2-(2-苯乙基)色酮（FTPECs）分别有5、6、3和48种，并详细解析了这4种色酮类型的裂解规律，通过代谢组学分析，成功地将来自不同钻孔距离（EW、FW的处理组合（E-FW组）与SW组）的样品进行了有效区分。
      结论 钻孔诱导处理在棋楠结香的诱导中展现出高效性，尤其是EW处理对棋楠树种的适组用性更为突出，这一创新方法不仅显著提升了结香效率，还大幅缩短了所需时间，从而实现了沉香产量和质量的双重提升，具有广阔的应用前景。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective This study aimed to determine the optimal spacing for drilling-induced agarwood formation in Qi-Nan agarwood and to explore the quality of the resulting agarwood, providing guidance for future applications and production.
      Method Different drilling distances of 4 cm (FW), 8 cm (EW), and 16 cm (SW) were used to induce agarwood formation over 12 months. The contents of alcoholic extracts and essential oils were analyzed, along with chromatic reactions. Volatile sesquiterpenes and 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones (PECs) were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and non-volatile PECs were further analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).
      Result (1) The contents of alcoholic extracts for FW, EW, and SW treatments were (42.01 ± 1.86)%, (46.60 ± 0.73)%, and (42.54 ± 2.15)%, respectively, with essential oil contents of (37.47 ± 1.45)%, (40.47 ± 0.91)%, and (37.33 ± 1.14)%. (2) Chromatic reactions of the Qi-Nan agarwood samples appeared purple, cherry red, and reddish-purple, all conforming to the standards of Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. (3) A total of 40 volatile compounds were identified, with the combined sesquiterpenes and PECs under FW, EW, and SW treatments amounting to 36, 38, and 38, and relative contents of 86.63%, 91.89%, and 79.10%, respectively. (4) A total of 62 non-volatile PECs were identified, including 5 2,2′-Diepoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (DEPECs), 6 Monoepoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (EPECs), 3 Tetrahydro-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (THPECs), and 48 Flidersia-type 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone (FTPECs), with detailed analysis of cleavage patterns for these chromone types. Metabolomics analysis successfully distinguished samples under different drilling distances (SW and EW-FW).
      Conclusion Drilling treatment demonstrates high efficacy in inducing agarwood formation in Qi-Nan agarwood, with EW treatment being particularly effective. This innovative method not only significantly enhances resin formation efficiency but also drastically reduces the required time, thereby improving both the yield and quality of agarwood, offering promising applications.

       

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