Objective Quantitative evaluation of forest fire security pattern can provide a basis for establishing landscape forest fire security guarantee system, and minimize the potential loss caused by forest fire spread.

Method Taking Huairou District of Beijing as the research object, this study selected 29 secondary indexes from three aspects: hazard of disaster factors, exposure of disaster bearing bodies and vulnerability of disaster bearing bodies, and carried out quantitative evaluation of forest fire security patterns in Huairou District of Beijing based on GIS. The entropy weight method was used to determine the evaluation index weight, the weighted comprehensive evaluation method was used to calculate the forest fire security pattern index, and the natural breakpoint classification method was used to divide the forest fire security patterns into four levels: high, medium-high, medium-low, low. Moran’s I index was selected as the spatial autocorrelation index to explore the spatial correlation model of forest fire security pattern index.

Result (1) The index weights of exposure of disaster bearing bodies in the evaluation of stock security pattern, ecological security pattern, building security pattern and population security pattern were 0.51, 0.70, 0.62 and 0.77, respectively, which were main factors affecting forest fire security pattern. (2) The area of low-level security zones accounted for 17.06%, 36.26%, 0.58%, and 1.89% of stock security pattern, ecological security pattern, building security pattern, and population security pattern, respectively. (3) The spatial heterogeneity of forest fire security pattern index in Huairou District was significant, showing a pattern of agglomeration distribution. The area of low-low agglomeration type villages in stock, ecological, building and population security pattern accounted for 11.42%, 37.31%, 6.13% and 7.61%, respectively.

Conclusion Low-level stock and ecological security areas are mainly distributed in Labagoumen Township in the northern part of Huairou District, while low-level building and population security areas are mainly distributed in southeastern part of Huairou District. It is suggested to increase landscape fragmentation and heterogeneity by increasing the number of patches and degree of patch interlocking, and to create a forest fire barrier effect by creating a biological fire prevention forest belt to reduce potential impact of forest fire spread. At the same time, we need to strengthen the protection of important disaster bearing bodies and do a good job in pre-disaster prevention and source management.