Variation and probability grading of quantitative characters of traditional chrysanthemum cultivars
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摘要: 对栽培植物品种进行鉴别和分类是品种保护和应用的基础。中国传统大菊品种是菊花中一类变异极为丰富而独特的品种类群,对其数量性状进行合理分级可以在数量化和规范化的基础上对这类菊花品种资源进行评价,建立更为具体精确的评价标准。本研究观测了400个中国传统大菊品种的18个数量性状,采用数量性状变异分析和概率分级进行分析。结果表明,这18个数量性状变异系数均在15%以上,其中筒状小花数(101.85%)、舌状小花数(70.02%)和花瓣宽(59.49%)变异系数较大,说明花部性状具有丰富的遗传变异。K-S检验分析发现:13个数量性状符合正态分布,其余5个性状呈偏态分布;对符合正态分布的性状进行概率分级发现,13个数量性状可以分为5级,对不符合正态分布和偏态分布的性状根据数据按实际分布状况分级,获得了新的分级标准。使用这一标准为400个大菊品种的数量性状赋值,合并成数字编码,通过比较分析发现,利用其中的9个数量性状便可以将400个品种一一区分开来。这一研究结果不仅可以补充和完善菊花品种分类和鉴定的评价标准,还可以为其他观赏植物种质资源评价中观测数据的规范化和标准化处理提供参考。Abstract: Identification and classification of cultivated plants is fundamental to the protection and application of plant varieties. Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. is a cultivar with abundant variations, and rational grading of its quantitative characters may help us evaluate the cultivar resources from the quantitative and standard perspectives, and establish more detailed evaluation standards for the chrysanthemum. In this study, we tested and analyzed the variation of the 18 quantitative characters in 400 large-flowered chrysanthemums. The result showed that coefficients of variation of the 18 quantitative characters were all above 15%. Among them, the coefficients of variation were high in the number of disc florets (101.85%) and ray florets (70.02%), and floret width (59.49%), suggesting that some of flower traits have abundant genetic variation. The K-S test results indicated that 13 characters conformed to the normal distribution, whereas the other 5 characters followed skewed distribution. The values of 13 normally distributed characters could be divided, in a unified way, into 5 grades by 4 dividing points. The grading criteria of the other 5 characters were calculated. By applying the probability grading method of the new classification standards, the 400 chrysanthemum varieties are assigned and merged into digital codes. Through comparative analysis of these digital codes, we found that nine quantitative characters can distinguish 400 varieties. The assignment of these 400 cultivars according to the probability grading criteria can differentiate all the cultivars, and therefore, the new criteria of main ornamental characters could be regarded as the criteria of cultivars classification. The results of the probability grading would provide reference for the classification, identification and database construction.
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