Effects of Cynodon dactylon grassland with 90% coverage on reducing single rainfall runoff.
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摘要: 利用人工模拟降雨试验研究了不同降雨强度和坡度条件下,90%盖度狗牙根草地(以裸地为对照)对次降雨地表径流产生过程的影响以及对径流总量的削减作用。结果表明:1)与裸地相比,狗牙根草地对初始产流时间延长效果明显,最小延长4′2″,最大延长29′8″;对裸地径流总量的削减率最高达59.04%,平均削减率为47.76%,削减效果显著;2)狗牙根草地相比裸地能够很好地延缓峰现时间。随着坡度和降雨强度的增加,狗牙根草地和裸地产流速率趋于稳定所需时间也在缩短,狗牙根草地和裸地的稳定产流速率也在不断增大; 3)随着坡度的增大,狗牙根草地和裸地稳定产流速率之间的差距逐渐缩小,狗牙根草地对总径流量的削减是呈减弱的趋势;4)拟合了径流削减率与降雨强度、坡度的方程,E=I－0.23(1－sin θ)0.58×e4.93×100%,双侧统计相关性显著。Abstract: We studied the effects of Cynodon dactylon grassland with 90% coverage on the generation process of surface runoff on bare land at each rainfall event and the reduction of total runoff by means of simulated rainfall experiment. The results showed that C. dactylon grassland had a remarkable effect in extending the initial runoff time, with the minimum 4′2″, the maximum 29′8″, and the average of 11′42″. The grassland had a remarkable runoff reduction rate of 59.04% of the total runoff on the bare land, with an average of 47.76%. Grassland can well delay the peak runoff time compared with the bare land. Time for runoff generation rate tending to be stable on grassland and bare land was also shortened with the slope degree and rainfall intensity increasing, and the stable rate of runoff generation was also increased. The difference in stable rate of runoff generation between grassland and bare land was smaller as the slope degree increased, and the capacity of grassland to reduce total runoff tended to decline. Rainfall intensity and slope gradient were negatively correlated with reduction rate,following the equation of E=I－0.23(1－sin θ)0.58×e4.93×100%, with statistical significance on both sides.
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