Provenance variation of seed traits of Juglans mandshurica in Changbai mountains, northeastern China.
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摘要: 以长白山14个核桃楸种源的结实性状为研究对象,采用主成分分析(PCA)法和方差分解分析研究了核桃楸种源结实性状的种源变异规律,分析了空间地理变异和地形因子对不同种源核桃楸结实性状的影响。结果表明:核桃楸不同种源的单株产量、干果质量、干果宽等差异显著,其中单株产量差异最为明显,其变异系数高达36.12%,而干果质量、干果长和干果宽变异较小,变异系数的范围为2.25%~6.67%。PCA分析表明,PC1综合反映了核桃楸的果实产量、干果质量和树木高生长信息;而PC2则综合反映了果实表型性状和径生长信息,如干果长、干果宽和胸径。方差分解分析结果显示,空间变量对核桃楸单株产量、干果质量、干果长、干果宽、树高和胸径空间变异的解释量为13%~69%;地形变量对单株产量、干果宽、树高和胸径解释量范围为19%~24%;空间变量对PC1和PC2的解释量分别为33%和24%,地形变量对PC1和PC2的解释量分别为52%和66%。结实性状与地形变量相关分析表明,单株产量与坡度呈显著负相关(P0.05),干果宽与海拔呈显著正相关(P0.05)。聚类分析显示,种源组II中核桃楸单株产量最高,是最优的果实种源组;种源组III中核桃楸单株产量最低、平均胸径值最高,是最优的木材种源组。因此,在林业实践中应根据最终的培育目标来选取合适的种源。Abstract: We investigated the seed traits of Juglans mandshurica from 14 provenances in Changbai Mountains, northeastern China. Principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance were applied to analyze the variations of seed traits of J. mandshurica from different provenances, in order to reveal the effects of spatial geography and topography on the seed traits. The results showed that there were significant differences among provenances in the yield per plant, weight, length and width of dried fruit. The variation coefficient of yield per plant among provenances reached 36.12%, while the variations in the weight, length and width of dried fruit were relatively smaller, with the variation coefficient ranging from 2.25% to 6.67%. PCA analysis showed that PC1 reflected the fruit yield, dried fruit weight and characteristics of tree morphological, while PC2 expressed the fruit phenotypic traits, such as the length and width of dried fruit and the diameter at breast height. The variation partitioning analysis showed that spatial variables could explain 13%-69% of the variations in the yield per plant, weight, length, width of dried fruit, tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH). Topographic variables could explain 19%-24% of the variations in the yield per plant, width of dried fruit, tree height and DBH. The spatial variables explained 33% and 24% of the variations of PC1 and PC2, respectively, and topographic variables explained 52% and 66% of the variations of PC1 and PC2, respectively. The correlation analysis represented that the yield per plant had significantly negative correlations with slope (P0.05) and width of dried fruit significantly positive correlations with elevation (P0.05). The cluster analysis showed that group II with the highest yield was the ideal group of fruit, while group III with the lowest yield but the highest DBH was the superior group of wood. Therefore, suitable provenances should be chosen according to the breeding goal in forestry practices.
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