Estimation and analysis of forest ecosystem services value: Case study in Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve in Gansu, western China
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摘要: 森林生态系统作为陆地生态系统的主体,其服务功能价值评估是当前生态学和经济学交叉领域的一大研究热点,本文参考《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》(以下简称《规范》)标准,利用白水江国家级自然保护区森林生态系统实测数据和基于GIS和RS技术获得的不同林分面积等数据,评估保护区森林生态系统服务功能的价值。结果表明:保护区森林生态系统年均服务价值总计178.90亿元,各项服务价值排序为:生物多样性(43.08%)固碳释氧(19.35%)固土保肥(16.17%)涵养水源(13.11%)林产品(5.16%)净化大气(1.55%)林木营养物质积累(0.96%)旅游休憩(0.62%);按照服务价值利用类型排序为:间接利用价值(51.14%)非利用价值(43.08%)直接利用价值(5.78%)。通过对《规范》体系下不同研究成果的横向比较,不但可以校核研究结果的准确度,也可以揭示森林生态系统服务功能之间的规律。价值评估的测算结果对当地森林生态补偿机制的建立及其他环保政策的制定具有重要参考价值,同时该价值评估也有利于政府建立可持续的环境与经济综合核算体系。今后森林生态系统服务价值的研究应着重于加强对服务功能机制的探讨,研究生态系统服务价值的空间分布,重点开展服务价值的动态评估以及相关政策的制定等。
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关键词:
- 森林生态系统 /
- 服务功能 /
- 价值评估 /
- 白水江国家级自然保护区
Abstract: The forest ecosystem as a major part of global ecosystems, attracts wide concerns from the inter-disciplinary community of ecology and economics in estimation of its services value. Based on the Forest Ecosystem Function Evaluation Criterion (LY/T 1721—2008), the field data of the Baishuijiang national forest ecosystem and land use data acquired by GIS and RS technologies, we assessed the forest ecosystem services value of the Baishuijiang Nature Reserve in Gansu, western China. The total value of forest ecosystem of the reserve is RMB 17.89 billion yuan per year, with the order of service value of each item as biodiversity (43.08%) carbon fixation and oxygen (19.35%) soil conservation (16.17%) water conservation (13.11%) forest products (5.16%) air purification (1.55%) nutrient accumulation (0.96%) forest recreation (0.62%). In terms of the utilization type of service value, the order is value of indirect utilization (51.14 %) value of non-utilization (43.08%) values of direct utilization (5.78%). Estimation of forest ecosystem services value could provide in-depth understanding of the importance of forest ecosystem service value for policy makers. A comparison of other studies reveals could not only check the accuracy of the estimation, but also could find the law between the forest ecosystem service functions. Results of our paper could help the local environment policy makers to develop appropriate forest ecological compensation and other environmental policies, and at the same time such evaluation is also conducive to promoting the government to establish a sustainable environment and economic comprehensive green GDP system that covers the ecosystem. Future research on forest ecosystem services value should be focused primarily on its service function mechanisms, dynamic assessment, spatial distribution and their applications in policy-making. -
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