Analysis of Chinese forest ecosystem services characteristics based on continuous inventory system for forest ecology
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摘要: 森林生态系统服务全指标体系连续观测与定期清查(简称“森林生态连清”)体系将森林资源连续清查系统,森林生态系统定位观测研究网络(CFERN)有机结合在一起;前者可以提供森林资源数据信息,通过后者获得森林生态系统各要素生态结构、过程和功能的机理机制和服务研究所需参数。基于第八次(2009—2013年)全国森林资源清查数据,本文采用森林生态连清体系,对涵养水源、保育土壤、固碳释氧等7类13项森林生态系统服务进行物质量和价值量两方面的评估,并分析了不同地区和不同服务项生态效益特点。结果表明:中国森林生态系统服务总价值为12.68万亿元/a,相当于2013年全国GDP的22.3%,是当年全国林业产业总产值的2.68倍,每年为每位国民提供了约0.94万元的生态系统服务。在总价值量中,生物多样性保护价值量最高(占总价值量的34.20%),其次为涵养水源价值量。各项服务的物质量和价值量西部地区均最高,主要原因是该地区森林资源面积较大,降水、温度、土壤类型和树种等也有重要影响。东部和西部地区森林资源占有比例和产生生态系统服务价值比例对比,森林资源面积相近的东部和东北地区产生生态系统服务价值对比,均体现出中国森林资源分布变化、温度梯度变化和水分梯度变化的基本规律。Abstract: The technology of continuous observation and inventory of a complete index system of forest ecosystem services(referred to as continuous inventory system for forest ecology) is an organic combination of national forest resources inventory and Chinese forest ecosystem research network (CFERN). The former offers forest resource information directly, while the latter provides the mechanism and parameters among ecosystem structure, ecological process and ecosystem service. Based on the data of 8th (2009—2013) national forest resource inventory and by using continuous inventory system for forest ecology, we assessed the physical accounts and monetary values of Chinese forest ecosystem services, including water conservation, soil conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, atmosphere purification, forest protection, biodiversity conservation and forest recreation of forest ecosystem, which belong to 7 categories and 13 services, and analyzed the ecological characteristics of different areas and different service items. The results showed that total value of Chinese forest ecosystem service was 12.68 trillion yuan/a, equivalent to 22.3% of GDP in 2013. It was 2.68 times as much as national forestry industry output of the same year and provided ecosystem services of 9400 yuan/a for each citizen. Among the total value, biodiversity conservation value was the highest (accounting for 34.20% of the total value). The second highest value was water conservation. According to the division of regional development pattern from the 11th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China, the physical accounts and monetary values of various ecosystem services in the western region were the highest, which is mainly due to that forest resources area in this region is larger than other regions, and precipitation, temperature, soil type and tree species are also responsible for this results. Comparisons of the proportions of forest resources in eastern and western regions to national forest resources and corresponding proportions of their ecosystem services values, and comparisons of ecosystem service value in eastern and northeast regions which have similar forest resources areas, both reflect the basic rule of China's forest resource distribution and variations of temperature and moisture gradients.
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