Short-term effect of increasing nitrogen deposition on greenhouse gas emissions in Zoige wetland, western China.
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摘要: 为研究若尔盖高寒泥炭湿地温室气体(CO2、CH4、N2O)对氮沉降初期的响应,本研究以若尔盖高寒泥炭湿地为研究对象,设置了对照(0 kg/(hm2a),CK)、低氮(10 kg/(hm2a),LN)、中氮(20 kg/(hm2a),MN)及高氮(80 kg/(hm2a),HN)4个施氮水平,在生长季(59月)每月原位施加NH4NO3进行氮沉降模拟,利用静态箱-气相色谱法观测了温室气体(CO2、CH4、N2O)的排放通量。结果表明:CO2、CH4和N2O在高氮处理下的平均排放通量为(224.96113.875)、(0.1140.002)和(0.0590.003) mg/(m2h),在中氮处理中的平均排放通量分别为(303.80111.397)、(0.1110.002)和(0.0470.004) mg/(m2h),低氮处理中的排放通量均值分别为(212.7315.847)、(0.0830.004)和(0.0320.002) mg/(m2h),均显著高出对照处理相应气体的平均排放通量(P0.05)。不同施氮水平下的CO2、CH4和N2O的生长季累积排放均显著高出对照处理(P0.05)。不同水平氮添加下的温室气体排放增量与土壤NO-3-N含量增量呈显著正相关(P0.05),CO2、CH4排放增量与生物量增量呈显著正相关(P0.05),但温室气体排放增量与土壤温湿度的增量均无显著相关性。此外,氮添加显著增加了湿地温室气体全球增温潜势(P0.05)。研究表明,短期氮添加通过影响土壤有效氮含量和生物量,促进了泥炭湿地土壤的温室气体排放。该研究结果为预测泥炭湿地区域氮沉降可能带来的温室效应和合理保护高寒湿地生态系统提供了重要科学依据。Abstract: Elevated anthropogenic N input could affect the greenhouse gas emissions through influencing the availability of soil nitrogen (N), and ultimately lead to significant changes in the climate and ecological environment. Our experiment was conducted in the Zoige peatland, which is situated in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China, with pronounced frigid temperate zone, semi damp grass land and humid climate. In order to explore the effect of nitrogen deposition on production and emission of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O) from peatland during its growth cycle (from May to September), four different levels of nitrogen fertilizer application were designed as control (0 kg/(haa), CK), low nitrogen (10 kg/(haa), LN), medium nitrogen (20 kg/(haa), MN) and high nitrogen (80 kg/(haa), HN), and static closed chamber combined with a gas chromatograph technique was used to measure the fluxes of three greenhouse gases. The investigation showed that the mean fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O were 224.96113.875, 0.1140.002, 0.0590.003 mg/(m2h) with HN level, 303.80111.397, 0.1110.002, 0.0470.004 mg/(m2h) with MN level and 212.7315.847, 0.0830.004, 0.0320.002 mg/(m2h) with LN level, which were all significantly higher than that of control. N application had a strong promotion to seasonal cumulative emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O (P0.05). There were significantly positive correlations between increments of greenhouse gas fluxes and soil inorganic nitrogen in N treatments (P0.05), as well as a markedly positive correlation between growth in CO2, CH4 fluxes and biomass increment (P0.05); however, the correlation between incremental greenhouse gases fluxes and soil temperature or moisture factors did not change significantly due to N addition (P0.05). Also, N application significantly increased the global warming potential (GWP) of peatlands (P0.05). These results suggest that the short-term N addition would be likely to stimulate greenhouse gas fluxes in the Zoige peatland by increasing available N content and promoting plant growth. This provides a scientific basis for predicting greenhouse effect caused by N deposition in peatland soil, as well as reasonably protecting the plateau wetland ecosystem.
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