Abstract: In order to study the optimal preparation technological procedure for biomass polyurethane rigid foam, we take liquefaction products of Salix cheilophila and isocyanate as main ingredients, OMMT as nucleating agents, stannous octoate as a catalyst, water as foaming agent for foam experiment. The effects of isocyanate, stannous octoate, OMMT and water on the apparent density and compression strength of foam were studied. The structure performance of the foam was characterized and tested by XRD, TEM, SEM and TG analysis respectively. The results showed that the influence of factors on foams followed the sequence of catalyst, foaming agent, stannous octoate and foaming agent. Under optimal conditions, the foaming material had about 0.094 g/cm3 density and 0.416 MPa compression strength. Intercalated or exfoliated OMMT can be prepared by adding just the right amount, which can significantly improve the mechanical properties, thermal stability and flame retardance of materials.