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    氮添加对3个油松种源幼苗生物量及其分配的影响

    Effects of nitrogen addition on the seedling biomass and its allocation of three Pinus tabuliformis provenances

    • 摘要: 为了解氮沉降对我国特有种油松3个种源幼苗的生长及其生物量分配的影响,本研究以北京(BJ)、山西(SX)、内蒙古(NMG)3个不同种源的油松幼苗为研究材料,设计5个人工氮添加水平:对照(N0, 0kg/(hm2·a),以N计,下同),低氮水平(N1, 15kg/(hm2·a)),中氮水平(N2, 25kg/(hm2·a)),高氮水平(N3, 50kg/(hm2·a))以及过饱和氮水平(N4, 150kg/(hm2·a))。测定不同氮添加水平下3个种源油松幼苗的基径、株高、月生长量、生物量及各部分生物量分配比例的差异,探讨不同种源油松幼苗对氮沉降的响应机制。结果表明:1)氮添加对BJ种源油松幼苗的平均株高有显著影响(P < 0.05), 但是对其平均基径没有显著影响;氮添加使SX和NMG种源油松幼苗株高和基径均产生了影响,但这些影响均不显著。2)氮添加使得BJ种源油松幼苗的株高月生长量增加,而基径月生长量有所降低,但变化均不显著;NMG种源油松幼苗的基径月生长量在N4水平下均显著降低(P < 0.05)。3)在N1的氮水平下,BJ种源油松幼苗的全株生物量、地上部分生物量和茎生物量均表现为显著增加(P < 0.05);氮添加使SX种源油松幼苗叶生物量在不同氮添加下发生了显著降低;而氮添加对NMG种源油松幼苗生物量的变化影响不显著。4) SX种源油松幼苗的叶质量比在N3条件下发生了显著增加(P < 0.05);随着氮添加浓度的升高,NMG种源油松的根质量比在N2、N3、N4水平下均表现为显著降低,茎质量比在N1、N2、N3水平下显著增加。5)分析油松幼苗的变异来源发现,基径与氮添加处理和种源这2个因素的交互作用存在密切关联,对基径、株高的极显著性差异均来源于种源的不同,对基径月生长量、叶质量比以及根叶比的显著性差异亦均由于种源的不同。同时,在处理和种源的交互作用下,油松幼苗的基径及其月生长量、茎叶比和根叶比没有显著的相关性。综上得出,持续的氮添加已经影响了油松种群的内部稳定性。

       

      Abstract: Nitrogen deposition is much heavier in the north of China, which exerts a great influence on forest ecological system dynamics. To improve our understanding about the effects of elevating N deposition on the growth and the biomass allocation pattern of Pinus tabuliformis seedlings, a nitrogen addition experiment with three provenances of P. tabuliformis seedlings was carried out on Lingkong Mountain in Shanxi Province, northern China. Three-year-old P. tabuliformis seedlings of three different provenances, Beijing (BJ), Shanxi (SX) and Neimenggu (NMG), were planted in a common garden, and five nitrogen treatments with three replications were designed, including: control (N0, 0kg/(hm2·a), in N, similarly hereinafter), low nitrogen level(N1, 15kg/(hm2·a)), middle nitrogen level (N2, 25kg/(hm2·a)), high nitrogen level (N3, 50kg/(hm2·a)) and the supersaturated nitrogen level (N4, 150kg/(hm2·a)). The base diameter, plant height, monthly growth amount, biomass and the biomass allocation pattern of P. tabuliformis seedlings under different nitrogen addition levels were measured. The results showed that: 1) Adding nitrogen had remarkable effect on plant height for BJ provenance seedlings (P < 0.05), but there was no significant impact on the average base diameter. The base diameters of SX and NMG provenance seedlings were influenced by nitrogen addition treatments, but these effects were not significant. 2) The height growth of BJ provenance seedlings increased under adding nitrogen treatments, while their base diameter growth decreased, but these effects were not significant; The month base diameter growth of NMG provenance seedling decreased significantly under the N4 treatments (P < 0.05). 3) The growth of BJ provenance was affected by nitrogen addition, with dry biomass, dry biomass of the whole plant, the aboveground part and stem increasing significantly under the N1 nitrogen treatment (P < 0.05). Leaf dry biomass of SX provenance seedlings decreased significantly under different nitrogen addition treatments, while there was no significant changes of the whole plant biomass of NMG provenance seedling. 4) Leaf mass ratio of SX provenance seedlings increased significantly under the N3 level nitrogen addition treatments (P < 0.05); The root mass ratio of NMG provenance seedlings reduced significantly with the incensement of concentration of nitrogen addition. while stem mass ratio showed inversed trend; 5) The analysis of sources of variation showed that the variation of base diameter was related closely with both nitrogen treatment and provenance, but those of month growth of base diameter, leaf mass ratio and root-leaf ratio were only associated with the provenance. In conclusion, continuous nitrogen added has affected the internal stability of Pinus tabuliformis populations.

       

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