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    北京公园绿地边缘植物景观降噪能力与视觉效果的综合研究

    Comprehensive study on the noise reduction ability and the visual effect on the edge of green space of Beijing urban park

    • 摘要: 对城市公园绿地外道路噪声环境进行监测与分析的结果表明:公园边界噪音来源于车辆发动机噪音、胎噪、运动风声的综合噪声。这些噪音对公园游憩造成了或多或少的影响。如果公园绿地边缘部分的植物景观能够迅速降低噪音,又能展现美感,将对公园利用率的提高大有裨益。植物景观的视觉效果与生态效益都融合在园林植物中,所以一次设计将在多个层面展现植物景观的功能。以北京市公园绿地(被城市干道包围的绿地)边界的多个不同样方为对象,调查与研究这一宽度范围内的植物类型、种植密度和配置方式,从而判断使噪声衰减最有效率的植物配置形式。这些植物群落不仅能有效地减弱交通噪声,构造更为安静的游园环境,而且更能美化城市环境,体现并形成当地的植物特色。按照降噪效率对这些样方进行排序并运用SBE法对所测公园边界的植物群落进行美景度相应指标的评价,分析边界植物群落色彩美景度高低的原因,得到所测群落中景观效果最好的植物配置形式。综合以上两种最佳形式的植物配置,进行平衡与推断, 形成诸如同样的宽度条件下,多排小乔或低层灌木既可以起到较好的降噪作用,又可以丰富路缘的观赏效果;乔灌草皆有的种植模式中乔木排数尽可能多,林间内部保持通透,会形成舒适的空间效果等判断, 可以对北京市以及类似的大型城市绿地边缘塑造植物景观提供科学的论据。

       

      Abstract: According to the research and analysis of road noise outside the city park green space, park boundary noise is of vehicle engine noise, tire noise, wind noise, resulting in more or less impact on recreational park. If the plant landscape on the edge of park green space can not only quickly reduce noise, but also show the beauty of park, which will have great benefit on the utilization of the park. The visual effects of plant landscape and ecological benefits are fused in the garden plants, so the function of plant landscape in many aspects will be showed by a design. To park greenbelt of Beijing(green space surrounded by urban roads) boundary of a same object orientation, through the investigation and research about the width range of plant type, planting density and configuration, we can find the most efficient plant configuration to attenuate the noise. These plant communities can not only effectively reduce the traffic noise, create a more quiet garden environment, but also can beautify the urban environment, reflect and form the local characteristics of plants. According to the noise reduction efficiency, these samples were sorted and SBE beauty degree was used to measure the community landscape effect of best plant configurations, obtained by the corresponding index evaluation and analysis of boundary of plant community color beauty degree of the measured boundary park plant community. Based on the above two optimal forms of plant configuration, to balance and inference, and form a judgment under the same conditions such as width, multi-row small trees or low shrubs not only play a good effect of reducing the noise, but also enrich the ornamental effect of the edge of road; or as many rows of trees as possible in the cropping pattern, in which grass and shrub are mixed planting to form some comfortable spatial effect and so on. It can provide scientific evidence for molding the landscape of Beijing and similar large-scale urban green space.

       

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