Root distribution characteristics of two cuttage plants on bank slope and its effects on soil aggregates
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摘要: 以坡面5年生金丝柳和毛白杨为研究对象，采用土柱法测定2种扦插植物的根系分布特征，并应用Le Bissonnais法中快速湿润处理测定2种扦插植物不同土层土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性和可蚀性特征，测定指标包括：>0.25 mm土壤水稳性团聚体含量(R0.25)、土壤团聚体平均质量直径(MWD)和土壤可蚀性因子K值。分析坡面2种扦插植物根系分布特征及其对土壤团聚体的影响，结果表明：1)扦插植物根系集中分布在树干周围0~40 cm土层内，以>5 mm的粗根为主；2)在0~100 cm土层，根系含量、土壤团聚体稳定性和抗侵蚀能力均随土层深度的增大而减小；3)金丝柳根系在提高土壤团聚体稳定性和抗侵蚀能力方面强于毛白杨；4)扦插植物R0.25与＜1 mm根系含量均呈现显著正相关关系，说明根系改善土壤团粒结构的性能主要取决于＜1 mm根系含量。Abstract: The root distribution characteristics of two cuttage plants(five-year-old Salix alba var. tristis and Populus tomentosa)were measured by soil column method. The stability of water-stable aggregates and erodibility characteristics in different-layer soil under two cuttage plants were measured by rapid wetting treatment in Le Bissonnais method, and the measuring index included water-stable aggregates (>0.25 mm) content (R0.25), mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWD) and factor of soil erodibility (K). Root distribution characteristics of two cuttage plants on the slope and their effects on soil aggregates were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) the roots of two cuttage plants mainly distributed in the 0-40 cm soil layer around the trunk, with >5 mm thick roots as the main components. 2) In the 0-100 cm soil layer, the root content, soil aggregate stability and soil erosion resistance decreased with the increase of soil depth. 3) In the aspect of increasing soil aggregate stability and erosion resistance through root system, Salix alba var. tristis was better than Populus tomentosa. 4) R0.25 and < 1 mm root content showed a significantly positive correlation, indicating that the performance of roots in improving soil aggregate structure was mainly determined by < 1 mm root content.
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Keywords:
- cuttage /
- Salix alba var. tristis /
- Populus tomentosa /
- root distribution /
- soil aggregate
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图 2 2种扦插植物不同土层不同径级根质量分布图
Figure 2. Root mass distribution at different soil depths and diameters for two cuttage plants
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图 3 2种扦插植物细根(直径＜1 mm)根质量分布等值线图
Figure 3. Root mass distribution isoline map of fine root (with diameter less than 1 mm) for two cuttage plants
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图 4 2种扦插植物不同土层土壤水稳性团聚体粒级分布
Figure 4. Size distribution of water-stable aggregates in soil at different depths of two cuttage plants
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图 5 2种扦插植物不同土层土壤团聚体稳定性指标值
不同大写字母表示同一植物不同土层间差异显著，不同小写字母表示同一土层不同植物间差异显著(单因素方差分析，P＜0.05)。
Figure 5. Soil aggregate stability index values at different soil depths for two cuttage plants
Different capital letters indicate significant differences among soil layers in the same plant, and different small letters indicate significant differences among plants in the same soil layer(one-way-ANOVA, P < 0.05).
表 1 2种扦插植物基本情况
Table 1 Basic conditions of two cuttage plants
树种Tree species 树龄/a
Tree age/year冠幅
Crown width/m株高
Tree height/m胸径
DBH/cm金丝柳Salix alba var. tristis 5 1.35 4.32 5.73 毛白杨Populus tomentosa 5 1.25 6.51 5.41 注：冠幅为(长+宽)/2。Note：crown width is (length + width)/2. 
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表 2 2种扦插植物根质量水平分布及其所占比例
Table 2 Root mass horizontal distribution and its proportion for two cuttage plants
树种Tree species 项目Item 从坡底到坡顶的距离Distance from slope bottom to top 0~20cm 20~40cm 40~60cm 60~80cm 80~100cm 100~120cm 金丝柳Salix alba var. tristis 根质量Root mass/g 8.63 11.58 125.55 183.17 214.53 344.62 占总根质量百分比
Percentage in total root mass/%0.61 0.81 8.82 12.87 15.07 24.22 毛白杨Populus tomentosa 根质量Root mass/g 0.00 5.87 2.63 8.45 68.15 956.72 占总根质量百分比
Percentage in total root mass/%0.00 0.48 0.22 0.69 5.59 78.45 120~140cm 140~160cm 160~180cm 180~200cm 200~220cm 金丝柳Salix alba var. tristis 根质量Root mass/g 179.92 164.70 98.72 85.64 6.03 占总根质量百分比
Percentage in total root mass/%12.64 11.57 6.94 6.02 0.42 毛白杨Populus tomentosa 根质量Root mass/g 121.87 40.15 10.35 1.97 2.95 占总根质量百分比
Percentage in total root mass/%9.99 3.32 0.85 0.16 0.24
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表 3 2种扦插植物根质量垂直分布及其所占比例
Table 3 Root mass vertical distribution and its proportion for two cuttage plants
树种Tree species 项目Item 土层深度Soil depth 0~20cm 20~40cm 40~60cm 60~80cm 80~100cm 100~120cm 120~140cm 金丝柳Salix alba var. tristis 1 423.09 根质量Root mass/g 808.09 420.12 158.70 24.68 11.50 0.00 0.00 占总根质量百分比
Percentage in total root mass/%56.78 29.52 11.15 1.73 0.81 0.00 0.00 毛白杨Populus tomentosa 1 219.47 根质量Root mass/g 599.30 290.26 139.47 85.46 75.02 22.71 7.25 占总根质量百分比
Percentage in total root mass/%49.14 23.80 11.44 7.01 6.15 1.86 0.59
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表 4 2种扦插植物不同径级根质量分布及其所占比例
Table 4 Root mass distribution and its proportion of different diameters for two cuttage plants
树种Tree species 项目Item 根系直径Root diameter ＜1 mm 1~3 mm 3~5 mm >5 mm 金丝柳Salix alba var. tristis 根质量Root mass/g 145.71 93.26 70.76 1 113.36 占总根质量百分比Percentage in total root mass/% 10.24 6.55 4.97 78.24 毛白杨Populus tomentosa 根质量Root mass/g 81.99 54.99 63.79 1 018.70 占总根质量百分比Percentage in total root mass/% 6.72 4.51 5.23 83.54
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表 5 2种扦插植物各径级根系质量与土壤团聚体稳定性指标的相关关系
Table 5 Correlations between root mass of each diameter and soil aggregate stability index for two cuttage plants
树种
Tree species团聚体稳定性指标
Aggregate stability index不同径级根系质量Root mass of different diameters/g 样本数
Sample number＜1 mm 1~3 mm 3~5 mm >5 mm 金丝柳Salix alba var. tristis R0.25 0.74** 0.40 -0.25 0.65 n=21 MWD 0.08 -0.49 0.05 0.23 K -0.43* 0.43 0.12 -0.31 毛白杨Populus tomentosa R0.25 0.79** 0.59 0.53 0.53 n=18 MWD 0.55* 0.62* 0.41 0.45 K -0.61** -0.58 -0.75* -0.82** 注：由于少量土壤样品部分径级根系不存在，故金丝柳样本数小于等于21，毛白杨样本数小于等于18，*和**分别表示在P＜0.05和P＜0.01水平上相关显著。Notes：due to the absence of partial diameter roots in a small amount of soil samples, the number of Salix alba var. tristis is less than or equal to 21, and the number of Populus tomentosa is less than or equal to 18, * and ** indicate significant correlation at P＜0.05 and P＜0.01 levels, respectively.
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