高级检索
    李梁, 张建军, 陈宝强, 冯换成. 晋西黄土区封禁小流域植被群落特征变化[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2017, 39(10): 78-89. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170185
    引用本文: 李梁, 张建军, 陈宝强, 冯换成. 晋西黄土区封禁小流域植被群落特征变化[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2017, 39(10): 78-89. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170185
    LI Liang, ZHANG Jian-jun, CHEN Bao-qiang, FENG Huan-cheng. Changes of vegetation community characteristics in closed small watershed of the Loess Plateau in western Shanxi Province, northern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2017, 39(10): 78-89. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170185
    Citation: LI Liang, ZHANG Jian-jun, CHEN Bao-qiang, FENG Huan-cheng. Changes of vegetation community characteristics in closed small watershed of the Loess Plateau in western Shanxi Province, northern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2017, 39(10): 78-89. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170185

    晋西黄土区封禁小流域植被群落特征变化

    Changes of vegetation community characteristics in closed small watershed of the Loess Plateau in western Shanxi Province, northern China

    • 摘要: 对晋西黄土高原封山育林小流域内植被覆盖度、群落木本植物组成及群落α多样性变化进行研究,为黄土高原地区仿拟自然植被的恢复与构建提供相应的理论依据和技术支撑。于2016年7—8月,以山西吉县蔡家川流域内实施封山育林35年的柳沟小流域为调查对象,采用样线与样方相结合的调查方法,对阳坡、半阳坡、阴坡、半阴坡、梁峁顶、沟底6种不同生境的植被状况进行了调查,并与1996年(封禁15年)、2007年(封禁26年)在柳沟小流域相同生境的调查数据进行对比,研究封山育林小流域随封育时间的延长植被覆盖度、群落木本植物组成、群落α多样性的动态变化规律。结果表明:1)小流域封禁15、26、35年时总体覆盖度分别达到77.5%、89.1%和93.6%,封禁26年时小流域已形成森林植被,到封禁35年时各生境的植被恢复较好,流域已基本郁闭;封禁26年后流域总体覆盖度的年增长率放缓,其中阳坡、梁峁顶覆盖度年均增长率减慢,半阴坡、阴坡的覆盖度增长速率仍在增加。2)封禁35年时半阳坡、半阴坡、梁峁顶由旱中生灌木群落向中生性乔灌群落演替,阳坡由旱中生乔灌群落向中生性乔灌群落演替,阴坡由喜阴的中生乔灌群落向中生性乔灌群落演替,沟底由旱中生乔灌群落向中生性灌木群落、湿中生乔灌群落演替。3)到小流域封禁35年,除阳坡外各生境的物种多样性呈现单峰变化,除阳坡外各生境的均匀度指数逐渐上升,生态优势度、物种丰富度波动变化。目前各生境群落处于中期演替阶段,物种分布更为均匀,结构更加稳定,在晋西黄土区封山育林是形成可持续森林植被的最好方法。

       

      Abstract: This study aims to study the changes of vegetation coverage, community composition of woody plant and community α diversity in the closed small watershed of the Loess Plateau in western Shanxi Province of northern China, and to provide the theoretical basis and technical support for the restoration and construction of the simulated natural vegetation in the Loess Plateau. In the period from July to August in 2016, the closed small watershed in Caijiachuan Catchment of Jixian County in western Shanxi Province was investigated. The survey method of sample line and the sample were used to study the vegetation status of six different habitats, i.e. sunny slope, semi-sunny slope, shady slope, semi-shady slope, hilltop, and ditch sole, and the survey data was compared with the same habitats in 1996 (closed for 15 years), 2007 (closed for 26 years) in the Liugou Watershed. In July to August of 2016, this paper also study the dynamic changes of vegetation coverage, community composition of woody plant and community α diversity with the extension of time to close small watershed. The results indicated that: 1) When the small watershed was closed for 15, 26 and 35 years, the overall coverage reached 77.5%, 89.1% and 93.6%, respectively. And the small watershed has formed forest vegetation after being closed for 26 years. The small watershed has been basically closed and the habitat restoration has been better when closed for 35 years. The annual growth rate of the overall coverage rate slowed down after 26 years of closing. And the annual growth rates of coverage of the sunny slope and the hilltop were both slowed down, and that of semi-shady slope and shady slope was still increasing. 2) After the watershed being closed for 35 years, the semi-sunny slope, semi-shady slope, hilltop were inherited from the shrub xerophyte community to the tree and shrub mesophyte community. The sunny slope was inherited from the tree and shrub xerophyte community to the tree and shrub mesophyte community. The shady slope was inherited from the shade loving tree and shrub mesophyte community to the tree and shrub mesophyte community. Ditch sole was inherited from the tree and shrub xerophyte community to the shrub mesophyte community and the tree and shrub hygrophyte community. 3) After the small watershed being closed for 35 years, the species diversity of the habitats showed a single peak change except the sunny slope. Except the sunny slope, the uniformity index of the habitats gradually increased, the ecological dominance and species richness showed a fluctuating change. At present, the habitat community is in the middle stage of succession, the species distribution is more uniform and the structure is more stable. In conclusion, closed forest in the western Shanxi Province is the best way to form the sustainable forest vegetation.

       

    /

    返回文章
    返回