天然沸石对松嫩平原黑钙土理化性质和保水能力的影响

马媛媛; 戴显庆; 彭绍好; 杨光; 冀晓东

doi:10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170218

天然沸石对松嫩平原黑钙土理化性质和保水能力的影响

Effects of natural zeolite on physical and chemical properties and water retention capacity of chernozem in Songnen Plain of northeastern China

摘要

摘要:
目的通过研究天然沸石掺配量对于松嫩平原黑钙土理化性质和土壤水分特征曲线的影响，来研究天然沸石改良黑钙土的保水能力的效果，为改良土壤保水性提供理论参考。
方法采用天然沸石改良土壤，进行60 d花盆培养，环刀法测量土壤密度，公式法计算土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、通气孔隙度。离心机法测定土壤水分特征曲线。
结果天然沸石改良黑钙土试验中，土壤密度随沸石掺配量的增加而增大，呈正相关关系，当沸石掺配量为10%时，土壤密度增加最为显著；毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度均随掺配量的增加而减小，呈负相关关系，当沸石掺配量为10%时，土壤的通气孔隙度为最大。各掺配量下土壤的持水能力结果为：20%天然沸石(NZ)>15%NZ≈10%NZ>5%NZ>CK。各组土壤的水分特征曲线均能用Gardner模型拟合。Gardner模型方程的拟合系数a、b均随持水能力增强而减小，呈负相关关系；随饱和含水率升高而增大，呈正相关关系。将饱和含水率和拟合系数a进行拟合，结果显示决定系数(R²)为0.941 8。
结论在进行土壤持水能力改良时，利用10%天然沸石掺配量比较经济可行。土壤饱和含水率高，不一定水分特征曲线初始水平就高。各项试验结果说明，利用天然沸石可以有效改良砂壤黑钙土的保水能力，为黑土区土壤改良提供试验和理论参考。

Abstract:
ObjectiveTo study the effects of natural zeolite on modifying the water retention capacity of chernozem and provide theoretical reference for the improvement of soil water retention, the effects of natural zeolite on the physical and chemical properties of chernozem in Songnen Plain of northeastern China and soil water characteristic curve were studied.
MethodChernozem was modified by natural zeolite, cultured in a pot for 60 days. The soil bulk density was measured by cutting ring method. Soil total porosity, capillary porosity and aeration porosity were calculated by formula method. Determination of soil water characteristic curve was measured by centrifuge test.
ResultThe results showed that there was a positive correlation between soil bulk density and the amount of natural zeolite, soil bulk density increased with the increasing amount of nature zeolite. Soil bulk density increased significantly at the 10% mixing amount of natural zeolite. However, there was a negative correlation between the capillary porosity and total porosity and the amount of natural zeolite, the capillary porosity and total porosity decreased with the increasing amount of natural zeolite. The maximum ventilation porosity was obtained at the 10%mixing amount of natural zeolite. The result of the water retention capacity of different mixing amount of natural zeolite was: 20% natural zeolite (NZ)>15%NZ≈10%NZ>5%NZ>CK. The soil water characteristic curve of each group can be fitted well by Gardner model. The coefficients a and b of water characteristic curve equation were negatively correlated with water holding capacity, and positively correlated with saturated water content. The saturated water content and the fitting coefficient a were fitted too. The results showed that R² is 0.941 8.
ConclusionIt is feasible and economical to improve water retention capacity of chernozem by 10% mixing amount of natural zeolite. The saturated water content is high, the initial level of water characteristic curve is not necessarily high yet. The results show that the water retention properties of chernozem can be effectively improved by mixing natural zeolite. This study provides a theoretical and experimental reference for soil improvement in chernozem.

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