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    小兴安岭地区典型红松林下不同形态土壤氮的动态变化

    Dynamic changes of multi-form nitrogen in typical Pinus koraiensis forest of Xiaoxing'an Mountains of northeastern China

    • 摘要: 以小兴安岭地区典型人工红松林和原始阔叶红松林为研究对象,于2016年对红松林下的土壤进行了连续5个月的分层次采样,测量了0~5 cm、5~15 cm和15~30 cm 3个层次土壤中的游离氨基酸态氮、硝态氮、铵态氮和可溶性有机氮的含量,以及0~5 cm层土壤中的含水量、pH、有机碳、全氮、微生物碳和微生物氮等因素的水平。通过对不同形态氮动态变化规律进行探讨,并整合土壤中所测量的生物化学因子,以揭示小兴安岭地区典型林型下不同形态氮库的大小及有效氮循环的季节性变化规律,并通过主成分分析探讨季节性变化规律潜在的驱动因素。结果表明,在小兴安岭地区的典型人工红松林和原始阔叶红松林下,氨基酸的组成是相似的,天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸和亮氨酸的含量较高,但不同月份中的优势氨基酸略有不同。3种有效氮库中,氨基酸态氮库同样是土壤可溶性氮库中的重要组成部分,铵态氮库>硝态氮库>游离氨基酸态氮库。在0~30 cm范围内,不同形态氮的含量随着土层的加深而下降,且这种规律不随时间的变化而波动。在温度和水文因子大环境的驱动下,冻融交替、微生物因子、pH以及复杂的生物化学过程随着时间在改变,从而导致土壤有效氮的动态变化;但由于土壤中潜在的物理、生物和化学因子的多变性及其综合作用的结果,导致有效氮动态变化趋势的差异性。

       

      Abstract: Nitrogen(N) is the nutrient regulating net plant primary production in most ecosystems, and N nutrient plays a significant role in N cycling. This study selects typical forest types in Xiaoxing'an Mountains of northeastern China in 2016, namely Pinus koraiensis plantation and pristine broadleaved Pinus koraiensis forest, and sampled continuously in 0-5 cm, 5-15 cm and 15-30 cm soil horizons for five months, measuring the contents of free amino acids-, nitrate-, ammonium-N and soluble organic N in the three soil horizons, and moisture content, pH, organic carbon, total N, microbial carbon and N levels in the 0-5 cm soil horizon. By exploring and discussing the dynamics of multi-form N and by incorporating some soil biochemical factors we measured, this study aims to discover the pool size of multi-form N and seasonal dynamics of available N in typical forests of Xiaoxing'an Mountains, with principal component analysis (PCA) analyzing the underlying driver factors of N seasonal dynamics. The final results showed that the composition of amino acids was similar in the two Pinus koraiensis forests of Xiaoxing'an Mountains, with aspartic acid, serine, glycine, histidine, arginine and leucine owning higher contents, but dominant amino acids varied in different months. The three forms of available N pool size followed ammonium>nitrate>free amino acids, and amino acids-N comprised a significant part of soil soluble N pool. The content of multi-form N decreased with soil depth in 0-30 cm soil horizon, with consistent relationship with time.With the temperature and hydrologic circumstances as drivers, free-thaw event, microbial factor, pH and complex biochemical processes changed over time leading to soil available N dynamics; as the variation in potential physical, chemical and biological factors and their combined effects in soils, however, tendency in available N dynamics appeared to be different.

       

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