Comparison between site index and site form for site quality evaluation of Larix olgensis plantation
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摘要:
目的以吉林省长白落叶松人工林为对象，分析立地形与地位指数及其与林分生产力之间的关系，检验立地形评价长白落叶松人工林立地质量的可行性。 方法基于168块固定样地的314个观测数据，提出了基准胸径确定的方法，即以胸径-年龄的逻辑斯蒂方程为基础，求其拐点纵坐标(即为基准胸径)。以理查兹生长方程分别拟合优势高-年龄、优势高-优势胸径的导向曲线，分别计算各样地的地位指数与立地形，并分析立地形与地位指数以及二者与林分生产力之间的关系。 结果立地形与地位指数回归方程的决定系数R2为0.3627，RMSE为1.9930m，平均绝对误差MAE为1.5632m。地位指数、立地形与生产力的相关系数分别为0.6764和0.3203。采用等距划分的方法将计算所得的地位指数与立地形划分为8个等级，地位指数从1至8级各等级所占比例分别为0.64%、3.82%、12.74%、24.84%、32.48%、19.43%、5.10%、0.96%；立地形从1至8级各等级所占比例分别为0%、1.59%、9.24%、42.36%、44.90%、1.91%、0%、0%。 结论对于落叶松人工林来说，立地形只能解释36.27%的地位指数变异；地位指数与生产力的相关性远大于立地形与生产力的相关性。对立地形与地位指数采用等距划分的方法进行立地质量等级划分，立地质量等级均呈现出中间多、两头少的趋势，但各等级的样地数量差异较大。总体来说，本研究中立地形不宜作为长白落叶松人工林立地质量评价的指标。 Abstract:ObjectiveThis study aims to examine whether site form is a valid method for site quality evaluation of Larix olgensis plantations through analyzing the relationship between site form as well as site index and site productivity. MethodWe put forward the method of determining the reference diameter at breast height(DBH) on the basis of DBH-age logistic growth equation with 314 observation data from 168 permanent sample plots of Larix olgensis plantations, and the reference DBH was calculated as the DBH at inflection point of the growth equation. We separately developed the dominant height-age and dominant height-DBH guide curves with the Richards growth equation, calculated the site index and site form for each plot, analyzed the correlation between site index and site form, and the correlation between both of them and productivity. ResultThe result showed that the coefficient of determination R2 with the regression equation between site index and site form was 0.3627, RMSE was 1.9930m and MAE was 1.5632m. The correlation coefficients between site index, site form and productivity were 0.6764 and 0.3203, respectively. We successively classified the site index and site form into 8 grades at equal interval. The proportion from grade 1 to grade 8 by site index was 0.64%, 3.82%, 12.74%, 24.84%, 32.48%, 19.43%, 5.10%, 0.96%; and the proportion from grade 1 to grade 8 by site form was 0%, 1.59%, 9.24%, 42.36%, 44.90%, 1.91%, 0%, 0%. ConclusionFor Larix olgensis plantations, site form could only explain 36.27% variation of site index, the correlation between site index and productivity was much larger than that of site form and productivity. The classified site quality grades by the site index and site form roughly showed the same trend in proportion at most grades, i.e. most sample plots were at the middle grade and few sample plots at both ends. But the number of sample plots in most site quality grades differs greatly. In general, we do not recommend site form as a method for site quality evaluation with Larix olgensis plantation. -
Key words:
- Larix olgensis /
- plantation /
- site index /
- site form /
- reference DBH
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图 1 长白落叶松林分优势高-年龄导向曲线
Figure 1. Guide curve of stand height-age for Larix olgensis plantation
图 2 长白落叶松林分优势高-优势胸径导向曲线
Figure 2. Guide curve of dominant tree height-dominant DBH for Larix olgensis plantation
图 6 地位指数和立地形的立地质量等级分布
Figure 6. Distribution of site quality grade by site index and site form
表 1 长白落叶松人工林样地基本因子统计
Table 1. Summary statistics for sample plots of larix olgensis plantation
林分因子Stand factor 最小值Min. 最大值Max. 平均值Mean 标准差SD 年龄Age/a 7.0 50.0 26.8 10.3 平均胸径Average DBH/cm 5.7 26.1 12.1 3.8 优势胸径Dominant DBH/cm 6.5 33.3 17.8 5.7 海拔Altitude/m 170.0 1190.0 536.1 200.8 坡度Slope/(°) 0.0 35.0 10.6 7.4 腐殖质层厚度Humus thickness/cm 0.0 25.0 4.8 3.5 土壤厚度Soil thickness/cm 15.0 70.0 42.1 10.2 活立木株数/(株·hm-2)Number of alive trees/(tree·ha-1) 333 4033 1328 730 活立木断面积/(m 2·hm-2)Basal area of alive trees/(m2·ha-1) 1.13 32.56 14.11 6.93 平均树高Mean tree height/m 5.0 22.0 12.5 3.6 优势树高Dominant tree height/m 6.7 29.5 17.3 4.2 
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表 2 长白落叶松人工林拟合参数值
Table 2. Fitting parameters of SI and SF equations for Larix olgensis plantation
类别
Class参数a
Parameter a参数b
Parameter b参数c
Parameter c决定系数
Coefficient of determination(R2)地位指数方程Equation of site index(SI) 30.418 1 0.017 9 0.555 0 0.594 7 立地形方程Equation of site form(SF) 53.527 8 0.015 6 0.786 9 0.887 0
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表 3 长白落叶松5种确定基准胸径的不同方法
Table 3. Five methods of calculating reference DBH for Larix olgensis plantation
方法编号
Method No.符号
Symbol方法
Method参考文献
Reference表达式
Expression结果
Result1 D1 上层木生长史一般可达的平均胸径的一半
Half of the maximum mean DBH of the overstorey trees[7] D1=Dmax/2 17 2 D2 根据林木调查数据，出现频次较多的胸径值为基准胸径
Reference DBH, the most frequently appeared DBH number in the forest survey data[8-9] D2=mode(D1, D2, …, Dn) 20 3 D3 建立逻辑斯蒂树高-胸径模型, 拟合方程的二阶导数为0的胸径值
D value, in Logistic H-D model, when the second derivative of the fitted equation is 0[23] D3=lnb/c 14 4 D4 建立逻辑斯蒂胸径-年龄模型，基准年龄对应的胸径(T0=20)
DBH, relative to the reference age in Logistic D-AGE model(T0=20)[24] D4=a/(1+be-bT0) 15 5 D5 建立逻辑斯蒂胸径-年龄模型，以及胸径-年龄拟合方程的二阶导数为0的点所对应的胸径值
D value, in Logistic D-AGE model, when the second derivative of the fitted equation is 0D5=a/2 14 注：T0为基准年龄，Dmax为上层木最大胸径，a、b、c为待估参数。Notes：T0 is reference age, Dmax is maximum mean DBH of the overstorey trees，a, b and c are parameters to be estimated.
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