园林废弃物生态覆盖垫的制备及其水分特性

曲炳鹏; 孙向阳; 李素艳; 张骅; 王心语; 熊凯毅; 贠炳辉

doi:10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170465

园林废弃物生态覆盖垫的制备及其水分特性

Manufacturing process and hydrological characteristics of ecological mulching mats made from green waste

摘要

摘要:
目的以园林废弃物为原料制备生态覆盖垫，用于覆盖城市绿地裸露土壤，从而提高园林绿化水分利用效率，减少城市水土流失，探索出园林废弃物替代木材原料资源化利用的新途径。
方法以两种粒径(小粒径0~1 cm和大粒径1~3 cm)的园林废弃物为原料，使用环保型水性聚氨酯作为胶黏剂，选择5个施胶量(分别占园林废弃物质量的20%、25%、30%、35%和40%)，通过模具压制的方法制备覆盖城市裸露土壤用的生态覆盖垫，并研究其基本性质、保水效果、透水能力和持水能力，选取最佳施胶量。
结果结果表明：随着施胶量的增加，生态覆盖垫的密度偏差和吸水厚度膨胀率逐渐增大，但当施胶量达到40%时，吸水厚度膨胀率减小。随着施胶量的增加，生态覆盖垫的保水效果均逐渐增强，小粒径原料制备的生态覆盖垫保水效果整体好于大粒径原料制备的生态覆盖垫。而在透水能力方面，小粒径原料制备的生态覆盖垫施胶量不高于30%时，透水能力较好；大粒径原料制备的生态覆盖垫透水能力则不受施胶量影响。生态覆盖垫的持水量与浸泡时间均存在着显著的对数函数关系，吸水速率与浸泡时间呈显著的幂函数关系，小粒径和大粒径原料制备的生态覆盖垫的持水能力分别在施胶量达30%和35%时达到最强。
结论综合分析，小粒径原料制备的生态覆盖垫施胶量30%较为合适，对于大粒径原料制备的生态覆盖垫，则优选35%的施胶量，小粒径和大粒径原料制备的生态覆盖垫分别更适用于覆盖干旱地区的裸露土壤和降雨较多地区的裸露土壤。

Abstract:
ObjectiveThe ecological mulching mats made from green waste were used to cover the bare soil in urban green space, so as to improve the water use efficiency of landscaping, reduce soil erosion and explore a new approach to the reuse of green waste.
MethodEcological mulching mats manufactured by mold suppressing were made by two particle sizes' green waste (small particle size 0-1 cm and big particle size 1-3 cm) and five proportions of water-based polyurethane adhesive (mass ratio 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40%), then the basic properties, water retention effect, water permeability and water holding capacity of ecological mulching mats were studied and used to choose the best proportion of adhesive.
ResultThe results showed that with the increasing of adhesive proportion, the density deviation and thickness swelling rate increased gradually, but when the adhesive proportion reached 40%, the thickness swelling rate decreased. And with the increasing of adhesive proportion, the water retention effect of ecological mulching mats was gradually enhanced, and the water retention effect of ecological mulching mats made from small particle size's green waste was better than those made from big particle size's green waste. The water permeability of ecological mulching mats made from small particle size's green waste was better when the adhesive proportion was less than 30%, and the adhesive proportion had no effect on the water permeability of ecological mulching mats made from big particle size's green waste. Water holding capacity of different ecological mulching mats changed logarithmically with soaking time, and the water absorption rate followed a power function, the water holding capacity of the ecological mulching mats made from small particle size's and large particle size's green waste was the strongest when the adhesive proportion was 30% and 35%, respectively.
ConclusionIn all, 30% adhesive proportion was the best to manufacture ecological mulching mats which made from small particle size's green waste, and 35% was the best for another. The ecological mulching mats made from small particle size's and large particle size's green waste were more suitable to cover bare soil in arid regions and humid regions, respectively.

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