Climatological response of radial growth for Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica to drought in Hulun Buir Sandland, Inner Mongolia of northern China
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摘要:目的呼伦贝尔沙地为天然樟子松分布区的南缘，气候变化呈暖干化特点，研究该区樟子松树木径向生长对气候的响应及其应对干旱的能力，有助于促进气候变化背景下沙地天然樟子松林的保护与恢复。方法在呼伦贝尔沙地的南辉和伊敏河两个地点建立了树轮宽度标准年表并对其变化进行比较，利用树轮宽度标准年表与气候因子进行相关分析，并计算樟子松应对极端干旱的抵抗力、恢复力和弹性力。结果南辉的樟子松标准年表与6月平均气温和6—7月平均最高气温呈显著负相关(P < 0.05)，伊敏河的樟子松年表与4月、6—7月和9月平均气温和平均最高气温呈显著负相关(P < 0.05)；两个地点的樟子松标准年表均与6—7月和9月的降水量正相关(P < 0.1)；南辉的樟子松年表与9月相对湿度呈显著负相关(P < 0.05)，但伊敏河的樟子松年表与前一年10—12月和当年2—3月和5月相对湿度显著正相关(P < 0.05)；两个地点的樟子松年表均与前一年10月至当年9月的帕尔默干旱胁迫指数(PDSI)呈显著正相关(P < 0.05)。以上结果表明这一区域的樟子松径向生长受到水分的显著影响；与南辉的樟子松相比，伊敏河的樟子松对干旱的抵抗力较弱，但恢复力更强；随着干旱程度的增加，樟子松对极端干旱的抵抗力下降、恢复力增强。结论呼伦贝尔沙地天然樟子松径向生长受生长季气温和降水的共同影响；在1925—1935年间，两个地点的樟子松年表存在差异可能是由于伊敏河的樟子松处于幼龄，对干旱的抵抗能力较差；树龄可能会导致沙地天然樟子松应对干旱能力的差异，深入了解树龄对樟子松应对干旱能力的影响需进一步开展多点研究。Abstract:ObjectiveHulun Buir Sandland is the southern margin of natural Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) with a warm and dry climatological trend. This study aims at climatological response of Mongolian pine and its resilience to drought.MethodTwo tree-ring width chronologies of Mongolian pine were established at Nanhui and Yiminhe sites in Hulun Buir Sandland, Inner Mongolia of northern China. Correlations were analyzed using the tree-ring width with climate factors, and tree resilience indexes (including resistance, recovery and resilience) were calculated using the two width chronologies.ResultResults showed that the tree-ring width had significantly negative correlation with the monthly mean temperature of June, and significantly negative correlation with the maximum temperature from June to July at Nanhui site (P < 0.05); and significantly negative correlation with the monthly mean temperature and the maximum temperature of April, June, July and September at Yiminhe site (P < 0.05). Tree-ring width had positive correlation with the monthly precipitation of June, July and September at both two sites (P < 0.1). In the meanwhile, the tree-ring width had significantly negative correlation with the relative humidity of September at Nanhui site, and significantly positive correlation with the relative humidity of the last October to December and February, March and May in the same year(P < 0.05). The tree-ring width had also significantly positive correlation with the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) from last October to same September at two sites (P < 0.05), indicating the growth of Mongolian pine was significantly influenced by hydrological factors in Hunlun Buir Sandland. Compared to values in Nanhui site, the drought resistance was lower, but the recovery was larger in Yiminhe site. With drought severity increased, Mongolian pine showed decreased resistance and increased recovery.ConclusionThe radial growth of natural Mongolian pine was influenced by temperature and precipitation of summer in Hulun Buir Sandland. Difference of two tree-ring chronologies occurred from the year of 1925 to 1935 in two sites may result from younger trees and its lower resistance to drought in Yiminhe site. Stand age, as an important factor influencing tree resilience to drought should be further studied with multi-site data.
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Keywords:
- Hulun Buir Sandland /
- Mongolian pine /
- radial growth /
- climatological response /
- resilience
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图 1 研究区1951—2008年月平均气温和月降水量分布
Figure 1. Mean monthly air temperature and monthly precipitation during 1951-2008 in the study area
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图 2 樟子松年轮宽度标准年表及样本量
Figure 2. Standard chronology of tree-ring width and sample number of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica
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图 3 两个地点樟子松年轮宽度标准化年表与气候因子的相关分析
虚线表示相关分析显著性水平线P < 0.05，-代表前一年。
Figure 3. Correlation analysis of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica standard chronology of tree-ring width with climate factors in two sampling sites
The dotted lines mean the significance line of correlation analysis is P < 0.05, "-" represents the previous year.
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图 4 抵抗力、恢复力和弹性力与月均PDSI的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between resilience indexes (resistance, recovery and resilience) and monthly average PDSI
表 1 樟子松采样点基本概况
Table 1 Statistics description for tree-ring sampling sites
取样地点Sampling site 经度Longitude 纬度Latitude 海拔Altitude/m 平均胸径Mean DBH/cm 南辉Nanhui 119°16′E 48°17′N 692~751 78.2 伊敏河Yiminhe River 120°00′E 48°45′N 724~780 61.0 
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表 2 樟子松年轮宽度标准年表和差值年表统计量
Table 2 STD and RES statistics of tree-ring width of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica
年表特征
Chronology characteristics南辉Nanhui 伊敏河Yiminhe River STD RES STD RES 样本量(树木株数) Sample number (tree number) 41(20) 38(20) 20(8) 20(8) 序列长度Time span 1881—2009 1889—2009 1917—2009 1918—2009 树间平均相关系数Mean correlation coefficient among trees 0.418 0.429 0.451 0.426 一阶自相关Autocorrelation order 1 0.336 0 0.002 4 0.713 4 0.106 5 平均敏感度Mean sensitivity 0.199 2 0.174 6 0.179 3 0.181 8 平均年轮宽度Mean tree-ring width 0.981 6 0.994 0 0.938 1 0.979 4 标准差Standard deviation 0.212 5 0.157 1 0.246 8 0.167 7 信噪比Signal-to-noise ratio 27.310 28.553 11.504 10.379 样本对总体的代表性Representative of sample to total 0.965 0.966 0.920 0.912 第一特征向量百分比Percentage of the first eigenvector 45.45 45.44 50.52 48.98 共同区间段平均Mean of common interval 0.990 0.991 1.016 1.003 注：STD表示标准年表，RES表示差值年表。南辉取样点共同区间段为1944—2009年，伊敏河取样点共同区间段为1946—2009年。
Notes: STD represents standard chronology and RES represents residual chronology. Chronology common intervals of Nanhui and Yiminhe River were 1944-2009 and 1946-2009, respectively.
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表 3 极端干旱年份南辉和伊敏河樟子松树木的抵抗力、恢复力和弹性力
Table 3 Values of resistance, recovery and resilience of Pinus sylvestric var. mongolica in Nanhui and Yiminhe River in extreme drought years
干旱事件发生年份Drought event occurring year 抵抗力Resistance 恢复力Recovery 弹性力Resilience 南辉Nanhui 伊敏河Yiminhe River 南辉Nanhui 伊敏河Yiminhe River 南辉Nanhui 伊敏河Yiminhe River 1922 1.518 0.860 1.100 1.216 1.670 1.045 1926 0.845 0.218 0.870 2.230 0.735 0.486 1944—1946 0.866 0.965 1.196 1.076 1.035 1.039 1965—1967 0.642 0.816 1.052 0.968 0.675 0.790 1974—1975 0.855 1.014 0.969 1.040 0.829 1.055 1987 0.639 0.416 1.957 2.674 1.250 1.114 2001—2005 0.836 0.777 0.971 1.033 0.812 0.803 平均值Average 0.886±0.274a 0.724±0.273a 1.159±0.340a 1.462±0.641a 1.001±0.328a 0.905±0.208a 注：相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。Note: there is not significant difference between same letters(P>0.05).
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