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    日本落叶松不同种源及家系生长性状变异分析

    Variance analyses on growth traits of Larix kaempferi in different seed sources

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的研究日本落叶松不同种源及家系生长性状变异，为日本落叶松遗传改良提供可靠依据。
      方法本文以4个种源的169个日本落叶松半同胞家系为材料，对不同树龄日本落叶松的树高和胸径进行方差分析、遗传参数分析、相关性分析以及家系选择。
      结果各指标在种源和家系间均达极显著差异水平(P＜0.01)，各家系间的树高和胸径的表型变异系数(4.00%~37.37%和24.89%~26.48%)和遗传变异系数(1.94%~20.93%和8.93%~13.68%)均随树龄的增加而上升。树高和胸径的家系遗传力变化范围分别为0.881~0.972和0.877~0.879，单株遗传力变化范围分别为0.406~0.664和0.301~0.410。各性状变异系数及遗传力均属于较高水平，有利于优良家系的评价选择。相关分析表明种源内不同树龄树高和胸径相关性均达到极显著正相关。利用多性状综合评价法，以10%的入选率进行优良家系选择，17个入选家系的树高和胸径平均值分别为11.10 m和13.82 cm，现实增益分别为11.68%和17.98%，遗传增益分别为11.35%和15.80%。以5%的入选率进行优良家系内优良单株的选择，25个入选单株的树高和胸径平均值分别为12.58 m和17.72 cm，遗传增益分别为8.54%和12.50%。
      结论在本研究中，种源和家系间均存在丰富的变异，可以进行优良种源、家系和单株的选择，为建立改良种子园和二代种子园提供育种材料，也为日本落叶松的遗传改良提供理论依据。

       

      Abstract:
      ObjectiveTo determine the genetic variation of growth traits of different seed sources and families of Larix kaempferi could provide basis for the genetic improvement of Larix kaempferi.
      Method169 Larix kaempferi half-sib families in 4 seed sources were taken as materials, the ANOVA analysis, genetic parameter analysis, correlation analysis and family selection were carried out for the tree height and DBH in different growth years.
      ResultThe results of ANOVA showed that all the traits were significantly different (P < 0.01) among varied families and seed sources. The phenotype variation coefficients of tree height and DBH ranged from 4.00% to 37.37% and 24.89% to 26.48%, and genetic variation coefficients of tree height and DBH ranged from 1.94% to 20.93% and 8.93% to 13.68%, respectively, which all decreased with the increase of time. The family heritability of tree height and DBH of families ranged from 0.881 to 0.972 and 0.877 to 0.879, respectively. The high variation coefficients and high heritability were beneficial to evaluate and select the elite families and plants. Correlation analysis results showed that there existed significantly positive correlation among all traits in different seed sources. By the multiple-traits comprehensive method, when evaluated the families with the selected rate of 10%, 17 families were selected as elite families. The average of tree height and DBH of the elite families were 11.10 m and 13.82 cm and the genetic gains were 11.35% and 15.80%, respectively. When evaluated with the selected rate of 5%, 25 plants were selected as elite trees. The average of tree height and DBH of the elite single plants were 12.58 m and 17.72 cm, and the genetic gains were 8.54% and 12.50%, respectively.
      ConclusionIn this study, the abundant variations among seed sources and families are beneficial to select the elite seed sources, families and single trees, respectively. The elite families and single trees can provide superior materials for the establishment of improved seed orchard and the second generation seed orchard. The study can provide basis for the genetic improvement of Larix kaempferi.

       

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