Preliminary analysis on the summer habitat selection of Mongolia subspecies of goitred gazelle in Wulate, Inner Mongolia of northern China
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摘要:
目的研究鹅喉羚蒙古亚种与夏季栖息地的关系，为探索鹅喉羚蒙古亚种的生境选择和生境恢复提供科学依据。 方法于2016年7—8月，采用样线法和随机样方法，在内蒙古乌拉特后旗的蒙古野驴−梭梭林国家级自然保护区展开了鹅喉羚蒙古亚种夏季生境选择研究。共获得71个鹅喉羚数据样方，测定了15种生境因子，计算Vanderploeg和Scavia选择指数同时进行主成分分析。 结果鹅喉羚喜好高平原和残丘，坡向半阴，灌木类型以白刺灌木林为主。倾向选择灌木数量为0 ~ 10株、20 ~ 30株，植被盖度为0 ~ 20%、60% ~ 80%，距道路的距离为10 ~ 15 km，距居民点的距离为10 ~ 15 km的生境。主成分分析结果显示，前5个主成分的累计贡献率为76.504%，其中第1主成分的贡献率为22.058%，地形因子（坡向、坡位和坡度）是第1主成分的影响因子，其他几个主成分的生境选择因子主要是干扰、水源和食物及植被因子。 结论因此，我们认为夏季鹅喉羚对生境的选择呈现一定的偏好和回避，是由于夏季保护区内气候、地形、食物以及干扰等因子特有的季节性特征导致，也体现出其对保护区实际生境情况和资源分布进行的择优和取舍行为。 Abstract:ObjectiveDue to the lack of research on goitred gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa hillieriana) at home and abroad, it has some adverse effects on its protection. Therefore, this paper studies the habitat selection of Mongolia subspecies of goitred gazelle in summer, and will provide a basis for exploring habitat selection and habitat restoration of the species. MethodWe investigated the habitat selection of Mongolia subspecies of goitred gazelle in the Ass-Saxoul National Nature Reserve of Wulate, Inner Mongolia of northern China from July to August 2016, using methods of transects and random samples. Totally 71 quadrats with gazelle and its tracks were obtained and 15 habitat selection factors were measured. The Vanderploeg and Scavia selection index and principal component analysis were used to determine the main habitat factors. ResultThe results showed that goitred gazelle chose high plain and torso mountain, semi-shady slope, shrub with nitraria sibirica (Nitraria tangutorum); shrub numbers of no more than 10 or 20–30; the vegetation coverage of less than 20% or 60%–80%; and with the distance from the road and resident sites 10–15 km. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the total cumulative contribution rate for 5 components was 76.504%, the contribution rate of the first principal component was 22.058%, in which the highest was terrain factors (slope orientation, slope position and slope degree); high contribution rate factors in other principal components were disturbance, water distance and vegetation factors. ConclusionTherefore, we suppose that gazelles ’ preference and avoidance for habitat selection is due to the unique seasonal characteristics of climate, topograghy, food and disturbance in summer and reflects its preference and trade-off for the actual habitat and resource distribution in the protected area. -
图 1 内蒙古乌拉特蒙古野驴−梭梭林国家级自然保护区地理位置、功能区划及样线分布图
Figure 1. Location, functional zoning and transects of Wulate Haloxylon-Ammodendron Forest National Nature Reserve
表 1 乌拉特自然保护区鹅喉羚夏季生境选择特征值
Table 1. Eigenvalue of Gazella subgutturosa hillieriana summer habitat selection in Wulate Nature Reserve
主成分序号
Mean
component No.特征值
Eigenvalue贡献率
Ratio of contribution/%累计贡献率
Accumulative ratio of contribution/%1 2.647 22.058 22.058 2 2.176 18.132 40.190 3 1.850 15.416 55.606 4 1.384 11.529 67.135 5 1.124 9.369 76.504 6 0.723 6.026 82.530 7 0.538 4.483 87.013 8 0.504 4.201 91.214 9 0.362 3.016 94.229 10 0.294 2.450 96.679 11 0.231 1.922 98.601 12 0.168 1.399 100.000 
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表 2 喉羚生境选择转置矩阵
Table 2. Transpose matrix of Gazella subgutturosa hillieriana habitat selection
变量 Variable 第1主成分 First principal component 第2主成分 Second principal component 第3主成分 Third principal component 第4主成分 Fourth principal component 第5主成分 Fifth principal component 坡向 Slope orientation 0.901 − 0.002 − 0.027 − 0.036 − 0.014 坡位 Slope position 0.835 0.004 0.064 − 0.055 − 0.111 坡度 Slope degree 0.811 − 0.078 − 0.014 0.012 0.103 距居民点距离
Distance from residents− 0.113 0.846 0.186 − 0.133 0.050 植被总盖度
Total vegetation coverage0.063 0.838 0.074 0.070 − 0.137 海拔 Altitude − 0.115 0.680 − 0.594 0.108 0.170 距道路距离
Distance from road− 0.070 − 0.022 0.833 0.126 0.056 距水源距离
Distance from water0.068 0.367 0.809 − 0.006 0.145 灌木高度 Shrub height 0.018 − 0.202 − 0.010 0.842 − 0.098 灌木类型 Shrub type 0.084 − 0.197 − 0.109 − 0.812 − 0.099 灌木距离 Shrub distance 0.162 − 0.071 0.350 0.018 0.820 隐蔽级 Hiding cover degree 0.429 − 0.061 0.395 0.037 − 0.631
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表 3 乌拉特自然保护区鹅喉羚夏季对15种生态因子的生境选择
Table 3. Summer habitat selection of Gazella subgutturosa hillieriana on 15 ecological factors in Wulate Nature Reserve
生态因子
Ecological factor生态因子项目划分
Item classification of
ecological factor (I)选择/总样方数量
Selected/total quadrat
number (ri/Pi)选择系数
Selection
coefficient (Wi)选择指数
Selection
index (Ei)生境选择
Habitat selection地貌特征
Geomorphic feature高平原 High plain 8/9 0.255 0.120 P 沙地−高平原 Desert-high plain 3/5 0.172 − 0.076 AR 宽浅凹地 Wide shallow concave ground 2/4 0.143 − 0.165 NP 残丘 Torso mountain 8/9 0.255 0.120 P 沙地 Desert 27/44 0.176 − 0.065 AR 海拔
Altitude800 ~ 900 m 25/35 0.349 0.023 AR 900 ~ 1 000 m 14/24 0.285 − 0.078 AR 1 000 ~ 1 100 m 9/12 0.366 0.047 AR 坡度
Slope degree0° 31/48 0.196 − 0.121 NP 1° ~ 5° 11/17 0.197 − 0.120 NP 5° ~ 10° 5/5 0.304 0.097 AR > 10° 1/1 0.304 0.097 AR 坡位
Slope position无坡位 No slope 31/48 0.230 − 0.042 AR 中坡位 Middle slope 12/16 0.267 0.032 AR 下坡位 Down slope 3/4 0.267 0.032 AR 中下坡位 Middle-down slope 2/3 0.237 − 0.027 AR 坡向
Slope aspect无坡向 No slope 31/48 0.209 0.022 AR 阳坡 Sunny slope 3/4 0.243 0.097 AR 半阳坡 Semi-sunny slope 9/13 0.224 0.057 AR 阴坡 Shady slope 0/1 0.000 − 1.000 N 半阴坡 Semi-shady slope 5/5 0.324 0.236 P 灌木类型
Shrub type梭梭 Haloxylon ammodendron 33/50 0.103 0.016 AR 霸王 Sarcozygium xanthoxylon 14/24 0.091 − 0.046 AR 白刺 Nitraria tangutorum 12/15 0.125 0.112 P 泡泡刺 N. sphaerocarpa 27/36 0.117 0.080 AR 驼绒藜 Krascheninnikovia ceratiodes 1/3 0.052 − 0.315 NP 沙拐枣 Calligonum mongolicum 1/1 0.156 0.220 P 鹰爪柴 Convolvulus gortschakovii 3/5 0.094 − 0.032 AR 中间锦鸡儿 Caragana intermedia 2/3 0.104 0.021 AR 裸果木 Gymnocarpos przewalskii 0/1 0.000 − 1.000 N 无灌木 No shrub 4/4 0.156 0.220 P 灌木数量
Shrub number0 ~ 10 26/37 0.328 0.134 P 10 ~ 20 18/28 0.300 0.090 AR 20 ~ 30 4//4 0.373 0.197 P > 30 0/1 0.000 − 1.000 N 灌木高度
Shrub height0 ~ 0.5 m 50/79 0.172 − 0.075 AR 0.5 ~ 1.0 m 28/36 0.211 0.028 AR 1.0 ~ 1.5 m 10/14 0.194 − 0.015 AR 1.5 ~ 2.0 m 5/9 0.151 − 0.140 NP 灌木距离
Shrub distance0 ~ 2 m 20/26 0.260 0.019 AR 2 ~ 4 m 10/22 0.154 − 0.239 NP > 4 m 14/19 0.249 − 0.002 AR 隐蔽级
Hiding cover degree0 ~ 20% 6/8 0.212 0.029 AR 20% ~ 40% 15/26 0.163 − 0.102 NP 40% ~ 60% 12/18 0.188 − 0.030 AR 60% ~ 80% 10/12 0.235 0.081 AR > 80% 5/7 0.202 0.004 AR 植被盖度
Vegetation coverage0 ~ 20% 7/8 0.247 0.106 P 20% ~ 40% 8/18 0.126 − 0.228 NP 40% ~ 60% 7/15 0.132 − 0.205 NP 60% ~ 80% 11/12 0.259 0.129 P > 80% 15/18 0.236 0.082 AR 草本植物类型
Herbaceous plant type藜科 Chenopodiaceae 48/62 0.099 − 0.057 AR 菊科 Asteraceae 20/21 0.122 0.047 AR 蒺藜科 Zygophyllaceae 25/26 0.123 0.051 AR 禾本科 Gramineae 16/20 0.102 − 0.040 AR 豆科 Leguminosae 8/8 0.128 0.071 AR 百合科 Liliaceae 9/11 0.105 − 0.029 AR 锁阳科 Cynomoriaceae 2/2 0.128 0.071 AR 列当科 Orobanchaceae 1/2 0.064 − 0.269 NP 无草本 No herb 1/1 0.128 0.071 AR 距水源距离
Distance from water0 ~ 10 km 9/15 0.227 − 0.048 AR 10 ~ 20 km 6/9 0.252 0.005 AR 20 ~ 30 km 15/24 0.237 − 0.028 AR > 30 km 18/24 0.284 0.064 AR 距道路距离
Distance from road0 ~ 5 km 27/43 0.289 − 0.071 AR 5 ~ 10 km 10/16 0.288 − 0.073 AR 10 ~ 15 km 11/12 0.423 0.118 P 距居民点距离
Distance from residents0 ~ 5 km 11/17 0.223 − 0.057 AR 5 ~ 10 km 20/34 0.203 − 0.104 NP 10 ~ 15 km 11/12 0.316 0.116 P 15 ~ 20 km 6/8 0.258 0.017 AR 注：P表示偏好或选择，AR表示几乎随机选择，NP表示没有偏好，N表示回避选择。Notes: P indicates preference or choice, AR means almost random selection, NP indicates no preference, and N indicates no choice at all.
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