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    福建三明2000—2011年森林火灾PM2.5排放量的估算

    Estimation of PM2.5 emissions from forest fires in Fujian Sanming City of southern China during 2000-2011

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的福建三明地区属于森林火灾多发地区, 森林火险等级较高, 森林火灾在燃烧过程中释放大量可吸入颗粒物(PM2.5), 不仅对大气环境造成污染, 还会对人类的身体健康造成不良影响, 因此, 研究福建三明地区森林火灾PM2.5排放量具有重要意义。
      方法本文基于福建省三明市2000—2011年森林火灾数据, 采用蓄积量-生物量模型计算林火过程消耗生物量, 其中, 森林损失蓄积量和过火面积数据由当地防火部门提供。运用排放因子法计算得出PM2.5排放量, 各林型PM2.5排放因子由历年文献统计得出。针对福建三明地区4种主要林型:马尾松林、杉木林、阔叶混交林和针阔混交林对森林火灾中PM2.5排放量分别进行估算, 为该地区森林火灾污染物排放研究提供依据。
      结果结果表明, 福建三明地区2000—2011年间森林火灾PM2.5估算总排放量为458.789~2958.339t。其中杉木林燃烧PM2.5排放量估算为217.117~1072.489t, 阔叶混交林, 马尾松林, 针阔混交林PM2.5估算排放量分别为94.123~903.154t、93.379~478.634t、54.169~504.063t。
      结论综合分析, 按不同森林火灾等级分析, 由于重大火灾和较大火灾发生次数较多, PM2.5排放主要集中在重大火灾和较大火灾; 按不同森林类型分析, PM2.5排放主要集中在杉木林和阔叶混交林两种林型, 杉木林和阔叶混交林由于其地上生物量相对丰富, 且易发生森林火灾, 是今后重点抚育管理对象, 相关部门应在防火期到来之前做好修枝抚育间伐工作。

       

      Abstract:
      ObjectiveForest fire frequently occurs in Fujian Sanming area of southern China, and has high forest fire danger class. Forest fire releases large amount of particulate matter (PM2.5), which not only causes air pollution, but also has bad effect on human health. Therefore, the research on area forest fire PM2.5 emissions in Fujian Sanming City is of great significance.
      MethodBased on forest fire data in Fujian Sanming area during 2000-2011, we used volume-biomass model to calculate fire process consume biomass, volume loss and forest fire area data provided by the local forestry authorities. Using emission factor method can calculate PM2.5 emissions, and the forest PM2.5 emission factor was obtained from historical literature statistics. PM2.5 emissions of four main forest types:Pinus massoniana forests, Cunninghamia lanceolata forests, mixed broadleaved forests and coniferous broad leaved mixed forests were assessed individually in Fujian Sanming area. These results will provide theory basis for forest fire prevention work in this area.
      ResultThe results showed that forest fire PM2.5 emission estimates were 458.789-2958.339t in Fujian Sanming area during 2000-2011. PM2.5 emission of Cunninghamia lanceolate forests was 217.117-1072.489t, PM2.5 emission of temperate mixed broadleaved forests, Pinus massoniana forest, coniferous and broadleaved mixed forests was 94.123-903.154t, 93.379-478.634t, 54.169-504.063t, respectively.
      ConclusionFrom comprehensive analysis, as a result of more times of disastrous fire and large fire, PM2.5 emission mainly concentrated in the disastrous fire and large fire; about forest types, PM2.5 emissions are mainly concentrated in Cunninghamia lanceolata forests and mixed broadleaved forests. Because of its high biomass aboveground and prone to forest fire, these two forest types will be the key management object in future work, and the relevant departments should take good thinning of pruning work before the arrival of fireproofing period.

       

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