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    张佳楠, 张建军, 张海博, 孙若修, 张守红, 杨云斌. 晋西黄土区典型林分水源涵养能力评价[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2019, 41(8): 105-114. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180173
    引用本文: 张佳楠, 张建军, 张海博, 孙若修, 张守红, 杨云斌. 晋西黄土区典型林分水源涵养能力评价[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2019, 41(8): 105-114. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180173
    Zhang Jianan, Zhang Jianjun, Zhang Haibo, Sun Ruoxiu, Zhang Shouhong, Yang Yunbin. Water conservation capacity of typical forestlands in the Loess Plateau of Western Shanxi Province of northern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2019, 41(8): 105-114. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180173
    Citation: Zhang Jianan, Zhang Jianjun, Zhang Haibo, Sun Ruoxiu, Zhang Shouhong, Yang Yunbin. Water conservation capacity of typical forestlands in the Loess Plateau of Western Shanxi Province of northern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2019, 41(8): 105-114. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180173

    晋西黄土区典型林分水源涵养能力评价

    Water conservation capacity of typical forestlands in the Loess Plateau of Western Shanxi Province of northern China

    • 摘要:
      目的评价晋西黄土区典型林分的水源涵养能力,为筛选水源涵养林、水土保持林构建与管护提供依据。
      方法以山西吉县蔡家川小流域的山杨辽东栎次生混交林、油松人工林、侧柏人工林、刺槐人工林4种典型林分类型为研究对象,对植被层、枯落物层和土壤层的持水能力进行测定,采用熵权法(EWM)对各林分类型的水源涵养能力进行综合分析。
      结果(1)4种林分类型植被层的持水能力依次为:油松人工林(17.79 t/hm2) > 侧柏人工林(13.55 t/hm2) > 刺槐人工林(12.81 t/hm2) > 山杨辽东栎次生混交林(6.71 t/hm2)。油松人工林、侧柏人工林的主要持水层为乔木层;刺槐人工林中乔灌草的持水量相近;山杨辽东栎次生混交林中主要持水层为草本层。(2)4种林分类型中枯落物有效拦蓄量分别为:山杨辽东栎次生混交林(23.02 t/hm2) > 侧柏人工林(13.00 t/hm2) > 刺槐人工林(10.36 t/hm2) > 油松人工林(2.81 t/hm2)。(3)4种林地土壤最大蓄水能力分别为:山杨辽东栎次生混交林地(3 182.43 t/hm2) > 油松人工林地(3 176.67 t/hm2) > 侧柏人工林地(2 995.3 t/hm2) > 刺槐人工林地(2 803.5 t/hm2)。其中除山杨辽东栎次生混交林地与油松人工林地持水能力差异不显著外,其余各林地持水能力之间均存在显著差异。(4)4种典型林分类型水源涵养能力的综合排序为:山杨辽东栎次生混交林 > 侧柏人工林 > 油松人工林 > 刺槐人工林,影响水源涵养能力的主要因素为林下草本层与枯落物。
      结论从涵养水源的角度出发,晋西黄土区应采用仿拟自然植被技术、封山育林等加强次生植被的建设与管护,营造林下草本层和枯枝落叶层丰富的植物群落,以达到保持水土、涵养水源、改善生态环境的多重作用。

       

      Abstract:
      ObjectiveThis paper aims to evaluate the water conservation capacity of typical forests and provide a basis for the selection and management of water conservation forests and soil and water conservation forests in the Loess Plateau of western Shanxi Province, northern China.
      MethodIn this study, secondary mixed forest of Quercus liaotungensis and Populus davidiana, Pinus tabuliformis, Platycladus orientalis, and Robinia pseudoacacia in Caijiachuan Watershed of Jixian County, Shanxi Province was observed. In addition, we analyzed water conservation capacity of each forest type according to water holding capacity of vegetation, litter and soil with the entropy weight method.
      Result(1) Water-holding capacity of vegetation layers of P. tabuliformis forest (17.79 t/ha) was the largest in four types of forests, followed by P. orientalis forest (13.55 t/ha), R. pseudoacacia forest (12.81 t/ha) and secondary mixed forest of Q. liaotungensis and P. davidiana forest (6.71 t/ha). Arborous layer was the primarily water-holding layer in Q. liaotungensis forest and P. orientalis forest and herb layer was the primarily water-holding layer in secondary mixed forest of Q. liaotungensis and P. davidiana forest, while the water holding capacity of arborous layer, shrub layer and herb layer in R. pseudoacacia forest was similar. (2) The water-holding capacity of litter of 4 forests was showed as secondary mixed forest of Q. liaotungensis and P. davidiana forest (23.02 t/ha), P. orientalis forest (13.00 t/ha), R. pseudoacacia forest (10.36 t/ha), and P. tabuliformis forest (2.81 t/ha), respectively. (3) Moreover, the maximum water-holding capacity of soil layer of 4 forests was showed as secondary mixed forest of Q. liaotungensis and P. davidiana forest (3 182.43 t/ha), P. tabuliformis forest (3 176.67 t/ha), P. orientalis forest (2 995.3 t/ha), and R. pseudoacacia forest (2 803.5 t/ha), respectively. (4) The water conservation capacity evaluation results indicate that herb layer and litter layer are the main factors, with the order of secondary mixed forest of Q. liaotungensis and P. davidiana > P. orientalis plantation > P. tabuliformis plantation > R. pseudoacacia plantation.
      ConclusionTherefore, from the perspective of water conservation, measures should be taken such as afforestation, comprehensive management of secondary forest, forbidden grazing and improve the vegetation structure to increase soil and water conservation benefit.

       

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