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    红椎天然更新及其影响因子研究

    Natural regeneration and its influencing factors of Castanopsis hystrix

    • 摘要:
      目的开展基于近自然化森林经营技术的红椎人工林天然更新研究,为解决长期困扰红椎人工林的生长质量差、林分稳定性低及经营成本过高等问题提供依据。
      方法利用样地调查法对广西凭祥热林中心林区3种林分(红椎人工林、针阔人工混交林及马尾松人工林)中的红椎天然更新进行了调查,并采取室内试验方法对红椎种子萌发进行测定,通过多元回归统计及方差分析方法对数据进行分析。
      结果红椎在所有林分中更新频度及密度均超过其他树种,在针叶树人工林下红椎更新最差,更新密度为625株/hm2,而在针阔混交林下更新密度相对较低(3 673株/hm2),在红椎人工林下更新最好(21 231株/hm2);林分中凋落物层厚度与草本盖度是影响红椎更新的重要环境因子,红椎更新密度与两者呈明显负相关;当与母树的距离S≤5 m时红椎出现更新不良,周围仅出现7.5%的更新幼苗。经红椎种子萌发试验测定,马尾松未分解凋落叶水浸液质量比为1:10时,对红椎种子发芽产生明显抑制作用。
      结论试验结果说明草本盖度、凋落物层厚度和凋落叶中化感物质的抑制作用及母树的缺失可能是导致红椎在针叶树人工林下更新不良的主要原因。

       

      Abstract:
      ObjectiveCarrying out the research for regeneration of Castanopsis hystrix plantation is an important approach to solve the problems of bad growth, low stand stability, high management cost of Castanopsis hystrix plantation.
      MethodSample-plot survey was conducted for Castonopsis hystrix's regeneration of three type plantations (Castanopsis hystrix plantation, coniferous broadleaved artificial mixed forest and Pinus massoniana plantation) in the experimental forest, Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Pingxiang, Guangxi Province of southern China, while the indoor testing was conducted for seed germination of Castanopsis hystrix and the research data were analysed by multiple regression and variance analysis.
      ResultThe results showed that the reproduction frequency and density of Castanopsis hystrix were higher than other tree species, and it had the lowest regeneration density under the coniferous plantation(625 plants/ha), relatively low regeneration density under the conifer and broadleaf mixed plantations (3 673 plants/ha), but the highest was under its own forest(21 231 plants/ha); the litter thickness and herb coverage were the important environmental factors influencing the regeneration of Castanopsis hystrix, they were negatively correlated with regeneration density.The regeneration was not good when the distance from the seed tree was shorter than 5 m, the proportion of regenerated Castanopsis hystrix plants was only 7.5%. Seed germination of Castanopsis hystrix was significantly inhibited by soaking solution of leaf litter with the mass and water ration of 1:10.
      ConclusionThus the herb coverage, litter thickness, inhibiting effect of allelochemicals in the leaf litter and dificiency of mother plant were the main reasons leading to the bad regeneration of Castanopsis hystrix under coniferous plantation.

       

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