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    地震灾区2种气候生态治理区恢复初期土壤呼吸动态及其影响因子

    Dynamics of soil respiration and its influencing factors at the early stage of ecological restoration of two kinds of climate in earthquake-affected area

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的土壤呼吸速率是反映生态系统对胁迫的敏感程度和响应模式的重要参数之一，生态恢复过程可引起土壤呼吸速率变化，研究地震灾区不同生态恢复方式的土壤呼吸动态变化及其与环境因子的关系，对准确认识灾害干扰区生态恢复过程中的区域性碳循环特征至关重要。
      方法选择干旱河谷气候区（汶川县威州镇）和亚热带季风气候区（绵竹市汉旺镇）的生态恢复示范区为研究区，以受损治理区（DTA）、自然恢复区（NRA）和未受损区（UA）为处理样地，于2015年9月至2016年9月，对土壤呼吸速率（Rs）、5 cm深土壤温度（T5）、5 cm深土壤湿度（W5）、近地面温度（T0）及近地面湿度（W0）进行动态监测，分析土壤呼吸的动态特征及其对土壤温度和水分的响应。
      结果（1）日尺度Rs最高值出现在11:00—15:00，最低值出现在10:00或18:00，在2个气候区总体上均表现为UA > DTA > NRA，且表现为明显的单峰曲线，具有一定的波动性；季节尺度Rs夏秋季最高，冬季最低，不同季节Rs总体上表现为UA > DTA > NRA。（2）干旱河谷气候区和亚热带季风气候区土壤湿度分别 < 27%和 > 16%时，土壤呼吸主要受土壤温度调控；相对于单因素模型，Rs与T5和W5的双因素模型回归关系更好，T5和W5对Rs的解释量（R2）均有所提高且大于0.762。（3）干旱河谷气候区DTA、UA和NRA的温度敏感系数Q10分别为2.34、1.95、2.78，亚热带季风气候区Q10则分别为1.99、1.25、2.90，表现为NRA对土壤温度变化最为敏感。
      结论与UA比较，干旱河谷气候区DTA与NRA土壤呼吸速率分别降低41%和50%，亚热带季风气候区则分别降低21%和23%。

       

      Abstract:
      ObjectiveSoil respiration rate is one of the important parameters affecting the sensitivity and response pattern of ecosystems to stress, and the ecological restoration process can cause changes in soil respiration rate. To accurately understand the regional carbon cycle characteristics of disaster-affected areas under ecological restoration, it is crucial to study the dynamic changes of soil respiration in disaster areas and their relationship with environmental factors under different ecological restoration modes in different climate regions.
      MethodIn order to study the dynamic changes of soil respiration and its relationship with hydrothermal factors during the treatment of damaged ecosystems in the earthquake-affected areas, the demonstration area of ecological restoration of the arid-valley climate region (Weizhou Town, Wenchuan County) and subtropical monsoon climate region (Hanwang Town, Mianzhu City) was selected as the study area, with destroyed and treated area (DTA), natural recovery area (NRA) and undestroyed area (UA) as sample plots. Diurnal and seasonal dynamics of soil respiration rate (Rs), 5 cm deep soil temperature (T5) and moisture (W5) and near-surface temperature (T0) and moisture (W0) were measured using the LI-8100 soil carbon flux measurement system, precision thermometer and round knife method from September 2015 to September 2016, and analyze the dynamic characteristics of soil respiration and its response to soil temperature and moisture.
      Result(1) The highest Rs value of the daily scale appeared at 11:00−15:00, and the lowest value appeared at 10:00 or 18:00. In two climatic regions, the diurnal dynamics of soil respiration showed the tendency of UA > DTA > NRA, and showed obvious single peak curves with certain volatility; seasonal scale Rs was the highest in summer and autumn, and lowest in winter, and Rs showed UA > DTA > NRA in all seasons. (2) When the soil moisture in the arid-valley climate region and the subtropical monsoon climate region were < 27% and > 16%, respectively, soil respiration was mainly regulated by soil temperature; compared with the single-factor models of Rs and T5 or Rs and W5, the regression relationship between Rs and T5 as well as W5 was better, and the explanatory amount (R2) of T5 and W5 to Rs was both increased and was greater than 0.762. (3) The temperature sensitivity coefficients Q10 of DTA, UA, and NRA in the arid-valley climate region were 2.34, 1.95, and 2.78, respectively, and the Q10 values in the subtropical monsoon climate region were 1.99, 1.25, and 2.90, respectively. The performance of NRA was most sensitive to soil temperature changes, followed by DTA, and UA was the least sensitive.
      ConclusionCompared with UA, the soil respiration rates of DTA and NRA decreased by 41% and 50%, respectively in the arid-valley climate region, while only decreased by 21% and 23%, respectively in the subtropical monsoon climate region.

       

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