苏南马尾松林分冠层水文过程对降雨的响应特征

杜妍; 孙永涛; 李宗春; 韩诚; 葛波; 张金池; 庄家尧

doi:10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180284

苏南马尾松林分冠层水文过程对降雨的响应特征

Response of hydrological processes of Pinus massoniana forest to rainfall in southern Jiangsu Province of eastern China

摘要

摘要:
目的探究不同雨量级、雨强下马尾松林冠截留、树干径流、穿透雨变化的特征与联系，为苏南丘陵区马尾松林的可持续经营管理提供科学依据。
方法2012年9月到2013年8月，选取34年生马尾松林，使用RG3-M翻斗式自记雨量计、自制树干径流收集装置、集水槽收集降雨、树干径流、穿透雨数据，定位监测马尾松林外降雨、林冠截留量、树干径流、穿透雨，建立并验证Gash模型的适用性。
结果（1）降雨主要集中在5—8月，林冠截留量、树干径流量、穿透雨量对降雨量有良好的响应，树干径流率和穿透雨率随着降雨强度和降雨等级的增加呈现上升趋势，截留率呈现下降趋势。（2）马尾松林冠截留率最大值出现在最小雨量（< 1.0 mm）和 < 1.0 mm/h雨强范围内，树干径流率最大值出现在中等雨量（≥ 50 mm）和1.5 ~ 2.0 mm/h雨强范围内，穿透雨量最大值出现在最大雨量级（≥ 50.0 mm）和1.5 ~ 2.0 mm/h雨强范围内，结果显示马尾松林林冠水文过程对降雨有较好的响应，降雨强度是影响马尾松林内水文过程的关键因子。（3）通过Gash模型定量分析降雨再分配规律，经过推导和计算相关参数，得到的模拟值与实测值有较好的一致性。
结论马尾松林林冠部分和树干的持水能力分别为1.21、0.1 mm，形成树干径流的最小降雨量为4.86 mm。本研究可以为马尾松林的截留过程提供较明确和科学的参考。

Abstract:
ObjectiveFrom September 2012 to August 2013, through the monitoring of Pinus massoniana forest by rainfall, canopy interception, trunk runoff, and penetrating rain, exploring the different rainfall levels, rain tightness, masson pine canopy interception, trunk runoff, and the characteristics and linkages of the changes in the rain. This paper aims to provide a scientific basis for the sustainable management of the masson pine forest in the hilly area of southern Jiangsu Province of eastern China.
MethodThe 34-year-old Pinus massoniana forest was selected, and the applicability of the Gash model was established and verified using the RG3-M tipping bucket self-recording rain gauge, self-made trunk runoff collection device, collecting sump to collect rainfall, trunk runoff, and penetrating rain data.
Result(1) Rainfall is mainly concentrated in May–August, and there was a significant linear correlation between canopy interception, trunk runoff, penetrating rainfall and rainfall, and trunk flow rate and penetration rate with rainfall intensity and rainfall level. The increase was on the rise, but the interception rate was reversed. (2) The maximum interception rate of Pinus massoniana forest appeared at the minimum rainfall level (< 1.0 mm), the rain intensity was < 1.0 mm/h, and the maximum trunk runoff rate appeared in moderate rainfall (≥ 50 mm) and rain intensity of 1.5−2.0 mm/h and the maximum rainfall penetration occurred in the maximum rainfall level (≥ 50.0 mm) and the rain intensity range of 1.5−2.0 mm/h. The results showed that the hydrological process of Pinus massoniana forest had good response to rainfall and rainfall intensity was a key factor affecting the hydrological process in Pinus massoniana forest. (3) Quantitative analysis of rainfall redistribution law by Gash mode by calculating relevant parameters, the obtained simulated values were in good agreement with the measured values.
ConclusionThe water holding capacity of the canopy part and trunk of Masson pine forest was 1.21 and 0.1 mm, respectively, and the minimum rainfall of trunk runoff was 4.86 mm. This study can provide a clear and scientific reference for the interception process of Pinus massoniana forest, and provide reliable data and theoretical basis for forest ecological hydrological function in the hilly area of southern Jiangsu Province of eastern China.

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