Coupling relationship between stand structure and color patch of Platycladus orientalis plantations
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摘要:目的色彩是森林景观中最易影响感官的信息要素，也是衡量景观质量高低的重要指标，而林分结构是影响林内景观质量的重要因子。本文旨在通过林分结构与色彩斑块的耦合关系，对北京山区侧柏人工风景林林内景观质量的影响机理进行探讨。方法采用主成分分析构建林分结构因子，通过灰色关联度分析研究林分结构与景观色彩斑块的耦合关联程度，并结合单因素方差分析和多重比较的方法研究两者间的变化规律。结果(1) 4个因子对林分结构的影响程度依次为：林内空间因子＞植被生长因子＞林木高度因子＞林内竞争因子。(2)林分结构与景观色彩斑块的耦合关联度为0.6，属弱协调程度。其中，相关关系耦合度较大的指标包括：林内空间因子与色彩最大斑块比例(LPI)和斑块色彩多样性(SHDI)、植被生长因子与色彩斑块分离度(SPL)和色彩对比度(CPC)、林木高度因子与SHDI、SPL和CPC、林内竞争因子与色彩斑块亮度(CPB)。(3)植被生长仅在中低水平上对LPI有显著影响；林下相对高度仅在较高水平时对CPB和CPC有显著影响；而林内竞争程度在中低水平上对CPB和CPC有显著影响，在较高水平上对SPL有显著影响。结论侧柏人工风景林林内景观色彩斑块与林分结构属中等关联程度，林分结构因子对色彩斑块的影响存在差异：不同林分结构因子所影响的色彩斑块指标、同一林分结构因子在不同水平上所影响的色彩斑块指标以及对色彩斑块的影响程度不尽相同，两者间存在相对复杂的耦合关系。Abstract:ObjectiveColor is not only the most sensitive information element in forest landscape, but also an important indicator to measure the quality of landscape. And forest structure is an important factor affecting the quality of forest landscape. So this paper aims to explore the influencing mechanism of the landscape quality in Platycladus orientalis plantations in Beijing mountain area through the coupling relation of stand structure and color patch.MethodStand structure factors were constructed by principal component analysis, and the coupling correlation degree between forest structure and landscape color patches was studied by grey correlation analysis, and the change law between them was studied by univariate variance analysis and multiple comparison.Result(1) The influence degree of four factors on stand structure is, in order, forest space factor > vegetation growth factor > forest height factor > forest competition factor. (2) The coupling correlation between forest structure and landscape color patches was 0.6, which was a weak coordination degree. Among them, the indicators with high correlation coupling degree included: forest space factor with LPI and SHDI; vegetation growth factor with SPL and CPC; forest height factor with SHDI and SPL and CPC; forest competition factor with CPB. (3) Vegetation growth only had a significant impact on LPI at the medium and low levels; The relative height of forest had significant effects on CPB and CPC only at a higher level. However, the intensity of intra-forest competition had a significant impact on CPB and CPC at the medium and low levels, and on the higher level, it had a significant impact on SPL.ConclusionThe releationship between color patch and stand structure is medium correlation degree, and stand structure actors influence on color patch differences: color patch index affected by different stand structure factors, and color patch index affected by the same stand structure factor in different levels, and degree of influence on colour patch is not the same.So there is a relatively complex coupling relationship between them.
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图 1 不同林分结构特征的样地的比较
Figure 1. Comparison of sample plots of different forest structure features
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图 2 色彩斑块指标在不同林分结构因子等级间的多重比较
Figure 2. Multiple comparison of color patch index between different stand structure factor levels
表 1 系统耦合协调度标准
Table 1 System coupling coordination standard
协调度
Coordination degree0≤C＜0.4 0.4≤C＜0.5 0.5≤C＜0.6 0.6≤C＜0.7 0.7≤C＜0.8 0.8≤C＜0.9 0.9≤C≤1.0 协调评价
Coordination assessment严重不协调
Serious disharmony中度不协调
Moderate disharmony轻度不协调
Mild disharmony弱协调
Weak coordination中度协调
Moderate coordination良好协调
Good coordination优质协调
Quality coordination
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表 2 林分结构指标间相关性分析
Table 2 Correlation analysis of stand structure indexes
指标Index X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X11 X12 X1 1.00 X2 0.83** 1.00 X3 0.69** 0.82** 1.00 X4 -0.63** -0.78** -0.65** 1.00 X5 0.64** 0.55** 0.45** -0.41** 1.00 X6 -0.23 -0.20 -0.17 0.09 -0.10 1.00 X7 0.49** 0.55** 0.51** -0.37** 0.35* -0.10 1.00 X8 -0.18 -0.47** -0.26 0.52** -0.10 0.31* -0.13 1.00 X9 -0.02 0.00 -0.31* -0.19 -0.10 0.25 -0.04 -0.24 1.00 X10 0.19 0.22 0.14 -0.19 0.17 0.75** 0.50** 0.13 0.28 1.00 X11 0.06 0.00 0.12 0.08 0.13 -0.64** 0.07 0.00 -0.54** -0.55** 1.00 X12 -0.13 -0.19 -0.36* 0.04 -0.11 0.68** -0.12 0.07 0.57** 0.55** -0.72** 1.00 注：*表示在0.05水平上显著相关; **表示在0.01水平上极显著相关。X1代表平均树高，X2代表平均胸径，X3代表平均冠幅，X4代表林分密度，X5代表平均活枝下高，X6代表灌木盖度，X7代表草本盖度，X8代表灌木高度，X9代表草本高度，X10代表灌草盖度，X11代表透视距离，X12代表郁闭度。下同。Notes: * indicates a significant correlation at the level of 0.05; ** indicates an extremely significant correlation at the level of 0.01. X1 represents average tree height, X2 represents average DBH, X3 represents average canopy width, X4 represents stand density, X5 represents average height under active branches, X6 represents shrub coverage, X7 represents herb coverage, X8 represents shrub height, X9 represents herb height, X10 represents shrub and herb coverage, X11 represents perspective distance，X12 represents canopy closure. The same below.
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表 3 主成分分析
Table 3 Principal component analysis
指标
Index主成分因子Principal component factor F1 F2 F3 F4 X1 -0.084 0.489 0.763 -0.163 X2 -0.075 0.692 0.528 -0.389 X3 -0.194 0.810 0.345 -0.087 X4 -0.024 -0.530 -0.409 0.580 X5 -0.022 0.182 0.894 0.039 X6 0.877 -0.012 -0.096 0.240 X7 0.095 0.801 0.145 -0.001 X8 0.184 -0.184 -0.003 0.855 X9 0.544 -0.279 0.020 -0.632 X10 0.842 0.447 0.083 0.118 X11 -0.801 0.010 0.142 0.066 X12 0.819 -0.332 0.068 -0.147 方差Variance 3.181 2.75 2.008 1.752 方差贡献率Variance contribution rate 26.51% 22.92% 16.73% 14.60% 累积贡献率Cumulative contribution rate 26.51% 49.43% 66.16% 80.76%
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表 4 林分结构因子与色彩斑块因子耦合作用矩阵
Table 4 Coupling matrix of stand structure factors and color patch factors
林分结构因子
Stand structure factor因子权重
Factorweight指标构成
Index composition指标权重
Index weight综合权重
Comprehensive weight色彩斑块因子Color patch factor 均值
MeanLPI SHDI SHEI DIV SPL CPB CPC F1 0.33 X6 0.26 0.09 0.64 0.65 0.56 0.58 0.55 0.57 0.59 0.59 X10 0.25 0.08 X12 0.25 0.08 X11 0.24 0.08 F2 0.28 X3 0.35 0.10 0.56 0.57 0.60 0.60 0.65 0.55 0.64 0.60 X7 0.35 0.10 X2 0.30 0.08 F3 0.21 X5 0.54 0.11 0.60 0.61 0.59 0.57 0.61 0.57 0.67 0.60 X1 0.46 0.10 F4 0.18 X8 0.41 0.07 0.58 0.60 0.59 0.58 0.56 0.63 0.58 0.59 X9 0.31 0.06 X4 0.28 0.05 均值Mean 0.60 0.61 0.59 0.58 0.59 0.58 0.62 0.60 注：LPI为最大斑块指数; SHDI为色彩多样性指数; SHEI为色彩丰富度指数; DIV为斑块分裂指数; SPL为斑块分离度; CPB为色彩斑块亮度; CPC为色彩斑块对比度。F1代表林内空间因子; F2代表植被生长因子; F3代表林木高度因子; F4代表林内竞争因子。下同。Notes: LPI is the largest patch index; SHDI is the color diversity index; SHEI is the color richness index; DIV is the patch division index; SPL is the plaque separation degree; CPB is the brightness of color patch; CPC is the contrast of color patch. F1 represents forest space factor; F2 represents vegetation growth factor; F3 represents tree height factor; F4 represents forest competition factor. The same below.
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表 5 林分结构因子聚类分级结果
Table 5 Clustering classification results of forest structure factor
因子
Factor林分结构因子
Stand structure factor等级Classification Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ F1 X6/% 70 50 20 X10/% 80 60 30 X11/m 12 17 20 X12/% 75 60 40 F2 X2/cm 10.2 11.1 14.9 X3/m 3.8 4.3 5.6 X7/% 10 20 40 F3 X1/m 6.8 7.2 8 X5/m 1.7 2.1 3.1 F4 X8/m 0.5 1.1 1.6 X9/m 0.03 0.15 0.2 X4/(株·hm-2)
X4/(tree·ha-1)1250 1500 2000
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表 6 不同林分结构因子等级间景观斑块指标方差分析
Table 6 Analysis of variance of landscape patch index between different stand structure factors
景观斑块
Landscape patch变异来源Sources of variation F1 F2 F3 F4 LPI F 2.152 3.273 0.494 2.83 P 0.128 0.047* 0.613 0.069 SHDI F 2.630 1.874 0.765 2.011 P 0.083 0.165 0.471 0.145 SHEI F 2.630 1.874 0.765 2.01 P 0.083 0.165 0.471 0.145 DIV F 1.839 2.454 0.714 2.22 P 0.170 0.097 0.495 0.12 SPL F 3.022 2.707 0.655 3.542 P 0.058 0.077 0.524 0.037* CPB F 0.200 2.503 3.812 3.345 P 0.820 0.093 0.029* 0.044* CPC F 1.200 2.596 3.758 4.217 P 0.310 0.085 0.031 0.021* 注：*表示在0.05水平上差异显著。Note:* indicates a significant correlation at the level of 0.05.
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