南滚河国家级自然保护区典型植被类型土壤有机碳及全氮储量的空间分布特征

任玉连; 陆梅; 曹乾斌; 李聪; 冯峻; 王志胜

doi:10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180319

南滚河国家级自然保护区典型植被类型土壤有机碳及全氮储量的空间分布特征

任玉连^1,,
陆梅^1, ,,
曹乾斌¹,
李聪¹,
冯峻²,
王志胜³

1.
西南林业大学生态与环境学院，云南昆明 650224
2.
云南省林木种苗工作总站，云南昆明 650215
3.
云南南滚河国家级自然保护区沧源管理局，云南沧源 677499

基金项目: 云南省应用基础研究面上项目（2013FB053），西南林业大学博士科研启动基金项目（111901），云南省高校优势特色重点学科（05000511311），西南林业大学科技创新（C17129）

详细信息

作者简介:
任玉连。主要研究方向：土壤生态。Email：renyulian0411@163.com　地址：650224 云南省昆明市盘龙区白龙路300号西南林业大学生态与环境学院

责任作者:
陆梅，博士，副教授。主要研究方向：土壤微生物生态与湿地生态。Email：lumeizx@126.com　地址：同上

中图分类号: S714.7；S718.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-10-09
- 修回日期: 2019-02-19
- 网络出版日期: 2019-08-28
- 发布日期: 2019-10-31

Spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks across the different typical vegetation types in Nangunhe National Nature Reserve, southwestern China

1.
College of Ecology and Environment of Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China
2.
Forest Seed and Seedling Station of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650215, Yunnan, China
3.
National Nature Reserve Cangyuan Authority in Yunnan Nangun River, Cangyuan 677499, Yunnan, China

摘要

摘要:
目的植被群落随山地海拔升高呈现有规律的垂直分布，能够引起样地微气候及土壤性质的改变，进而影响碳氮在土壤中的沉积。因此，不同典型植被类型土壤碳氮储量的空间分布特征是山地生态系统碳氮循环研究的重要内容。本文旨在探明南滚河自然保护区不同典型植被类型土壤有机碳及全氮储量沿海拔梯度的变化及其与环境因子的耦合关系。
方法选取南滚河自然保护区沿海拔形成的3种典型植被类型（沟谷雨林、半常绿季雨林和中山湿性常绿阔叶林）为研究对象，研究不同植被类型之间土壤有机碳及全氮储量的变化规律，并运用线性回归和RDA冗余分析等方法研究环境因子沿海拔变化对土壤有机碳及全氮储量的影响。
结果不同典型植被类型土壤有机碳与全氮储量随海拔升高呈现显著增加的变化趋势（P < 0.05），即沟谷雨林（89.10 t/hm²，11.94 t/hm²） < 半常绿季雨林（190.30 t/hm²，25.34 t/hm²） < 中山湿性常绿阔叶林（508.05 t/hm²，56.55 t/hm²），这种变化规律与凋落物厚度、年均降水量、土壤含水量、总有机碳及全氮沿海拔的变化相一致；不同植被类型土壤有机碳储量均随土层深度增加呈先增后降的垂直变化规律，而土壤全氮储量则随土层深度增加呈逐渐降低趋势；土壤有机碳及全氮储量与海拔、土壤含水量、总有机碳、全氮、凋落物厚度和年均降水量呈极显著正相关（P < 0.01），与土壤密度、pH、年均气温和土壤温度呈极显著负相关（P < 0.01），冗余分析表明凋落物厚度与土壤含水量是影响有机碳和全氮储量的主导因子。
结论热带地区植被类型沿海拔梯度有规律的分布，能够通过改变样地微气候（如温度、水分）、凋落物输入（凋落物厚度）及土壤理化环境（如土壤密度、C与N含量等），进而显著影响土壤有机碳及全氮储量的空间分布。
- 典型植被类型 /
- 有机碳储量 /
- 全氮储量 /
- 南滚河国家级自然保护区
Abstract:
ObjectiveThe change in vegetation types along the elevation gradient induces the alterations in site, microclimate and soil properties, thus in turn forms the variations of soil carbon and nitrogen stocks along the elevation gradient. We aimed to explore the variation characteristics of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks along the elevation gradient in Nangunhe Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province of southwestern China and its coupling relationship with environmental factors.
MethodThree typical vegetation types (i.e., ravine rainforest, semi-evergreen monsoon rainforest, mid-montane humid evergreen broadleaved forest) in Nangunhe Nature Reserve were applied to investigate the variation rules of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks along the elevation gradient. The association of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks to environmental factors was also analyzed through the general linear regression and RDA redundancy.
ResultSoil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks increased along the elevation gradient (P < 0.05). Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks were ranked as ravine rainforest (89.10 t/ha, 11.94 t/ha) < semi-evergreen monsoon rainforest (190.30 t/ha, 25.34 t/ha) < mid-montane humid evergreen broadleaved forest (508.05 t/ha, 56.55 t/ha). The order was consistent with the variations in litter thickness, average annual precipitation, soil water content, total organic carbon and nitrogen. Soil organic carbon stocks of three vegetation types showed a vertical change of increasing first and then decreasing along the soil layers. However, total nitrogen stock decreased with increasing soil depth. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks were positively related with altitude, average annual precipitation, soil water content, litter thickness, total organic carbon and total nitrogen (P < 0.01), while average annual air temperature, soil temperature, soil pH and bulk density had negative correlation with soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks (P < 0.01). Redundancy analysis showed that litter thickness and soil water content were the dominant factors of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks.
ConclusionThe results indicated that change of vegetation types along the elevation gradient affected the variations in microclimate (i.e., temperature and water), litter input (litter thickness), and soil physicochemical properties (i.e., soil bulk density, and C and N concentration), which contributed to significant effects on the soil carbon and total nitrogen stocks in tropical area.
- typical vegetation type /
- soil organic carbon stock /
- total nitrogen stock /
- Nangunhe National Nature Reserve

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图 1 不同典型植被类型土壤有机碳和全氮储量垂直分布特征

RF. 沟谷雨林；HF. 半常绿季雨林；MF. 中山湿性常绿阔叶林。在不同土层，同一植被带间不同小写字母表示差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。 RF, ravine rainforest; HF, half evergreen monsoon forest; MF, mid-montane humid evergreen broadleaved forest. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05) among the same vegetation types in different soil layers. The same below.

Figure 1. Vertical distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon and nitrogen stock in different typical vegetation types

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图 2 不同典型植被类型土壤有机碳和全氮储量

不同小写字母表示不同典型植被类型土壤有机碳和全氮储量的差异显著（P < 0.05）。Different lowercase letters at different typical vegetation types of the soil organic carbon and nitrogen stock indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

Figure 2. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stock of different typical vegetation types

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图 3 不同典型植被类型水热条件和凋落物厚度的变化特征

不同小写字母表示不同典型植被类型水热条件和凋落物厚度的差异显著（P < 0.05）。Different lowercase letters at different typical vegetation type of the hydro-thermal conditions and litter thickness indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

Figure 3. Variation characteristics of hydro-thermal conditions and litter thickness of different typical vegetation types

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图 4 环境因子与土壤有机碳及全氮储量之间的关系

Figure 4. Relationship between environment factors and soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stock

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图 5 环境因子与土壤有机碳、全氮储量的冗余度分析

CS. 有机碳储量Organic carbon storage；NS. 全氮储量Nitrogen storage；AP. 年均降水量Average annual precipitation；M. 海拔Altitude；LT. 凋落物厚度Litter thickness；AT. 年均气温Average annual air temperature；ST. 土壤温度Soil temperature；WC. 含水量Water content；TN. 全氮Total nitrogen；C/N. 碳氮比Carbon to nitrogen ratio.

Figure 5. Redundancy analysis of environment factors and soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stock

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表 1 样地基本情况

Table 1 Basic situation of the sample plot

项目 Item	沟谷雨林 Ravine rainforest	半常绿季雨林 Semi-evergreen monsoon rainforest	中山湿性常绿阔叶林 Mid-montane humid evergreen broadleaved forest
样地编号 Sample site No.	E1、E2、E3	E4、E5、E6	E7、E8、E9
海拔 Altitude/m	543 ~ 554	1 260 ~ 1 270	2 173 ~ 2 178
经纬度 Latitude and longitude	98°59′17″ ~ 98°59′18″E	98°57′55″ ~ 98°57′55″E	99°12′36″ ~ 99°12′37″E
经纬度 Latitude and longitude	23°13′41″ ~ 23°13′42″N	23°15′38″ ~ 23°15′39″N	23°19′20″ ~ 23°19′21″N
坡度 Slope degree/（°）	10 ~ 13	35 ~ 38	10 ~ 14
坡向 Slope aspect	北偏东 North by east	北偏西 North by west	南偏东 South by east
优势植物 Dominant plant	重阳木、紫茎泽兰、褐鞘沿阶草Bischofia polycarpa, Ageratina adenophora, Ophiopogon dracaenoides	黄牛木、莎草、山香缘 Cratoxylon cochinchinensis, Cyperum rotundus, Turpinia montana	木姜子、土牛膝、紫茎泽兰 Neolitsea homilantha, Achyranthes asper, Ageratina adenophora
郁闭度 Canopy density	0.93	0.88	0.86
土壤类型 Soil type	砖红壤 Latosol	赤红壤 Lateritic red soil	黄壤 Yellow soil
母质 Parent material	千枚岩 Phyllite	砂岩 Sandstone	砂岩 Sandstone

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表 2 不同典型植被类型土壤理化性质分布特征

Table 2 Distribution characteristics of soil physicochemical property in different typical vegetation types

典型植被类型 Typical vegetation type	土层深度 Soil depth/cm	含水量 Water content/%	土壤密度 Soil bulk density/ (g·cm^{− 3})	总有机碳 Total organic carbon/(g·kg^{− 1})	全氮 Total nitrogen/ (g·kg^{− 1})	碳氮比 Carbon to nitrogen ratio(C/N)	pH
沟谷雨林 Ravine rainforest	0 ~ 20	42.19 ± 3.41Ab	1.28 ± 0.04Ba	13.11 ± 0.83Ac	2.84 ± 0.94Ab	4.62 ± 0.14Bb	5.17 ± 0.05Ba
	20 ~ 40	39.24 ± 1.71Ab	1.41 ± 0.07Aa	9.50 ± 0.22Bb	1.28 ± 0.66Bb	7.57 ± 0.46Aa	5.62 ± 0.04Aa
	40 ~ 60	40.70 ± 1.82Ab	1.47 ± 0.02Aa	3.86 ± 0.06Cc	1.06 ± 0.34Bb	3.64 ± 0.16Bb	5.81 ± 0.09Aa
	平均 Average	40.71 ± 0.49C	1.38 ± 0.03A	8.83 ± 1.55C	1.73 ± 0.32B	5.28 ± 0.52A	5.53 ± 0.11A
半常绿季雨林 Semi-evergreen monsoon rainforest	0 ~ 20	48.02 ± 2.73Ab	0.92 ± 0.03Bb	19.76 ± 1.82Ab	3.36 ± 0.58Ab	6.07 ± 0.64Ba	5.00 ± 0.03Aa
	20 ~ 40	46.43 ± 1.94Aab	1.18 ± 0.02Ab	11.54 ± 1.09Bb	1.62 ± 0.19Bb	7.13 ± 0.10ABab	5.12 ± 0.09Aab
	40 ~ 60	43.35 ± 2.46Ab	1.22 ± 0.01Ab	8.15 ± 0.17Cb	0.94 ± 0.06Cb	8.81 ± 0.53Aa	5.26 ± 0.06Aab
	平均 Average	45.93 ± 0.79B	1.11 ± 0.06B	13.15 ± 1.99B	1.97 ± 0.42B	7.34 ± 0.46A	5.13 ± 0.04A
中山湿性常绿阔叶林 Mid-montane humid evergreen broadleaved forest	0 ~ 20	60.00 ± 3.76Aa	0.91 ± 0.02Bb	89.79 ± 2.98Aa	15.36 ± 1.24Aa	5.86 ± 0.19Ba	3.91 ± 0.07Bb
	20 ~ 40	58.23 ± 2.34Aa	1.13 ± 0.05Ab	48.13 ± 1.85Ba	7.88 ± 0.89Ba	6.14 ± 0.21Bb	4.23 ± 0.03ABb
	40 ~ 60	56.55 ± 4.20Aa	1.16 ± 0.04Ab	35.61 ± 1.17Ba	4.32 ± 0.44Ca	8.28 ± 0.16Aa	4.50 ± 0.04Ab
	平均 Average	58.26 ± 0.58A	1.06 ± 0.04B	57.85 ± 9.46A	9.19 ± 1.88A	6.76 ± 0.44A	4.22 ± 0.10B
注：不同小写字母表示不同植被类型相同土层的差异显著（P < 0.05），不同大写字母表示同一植被类型不同土层的差异显著（P < 0.05）。 Notes: different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in soil layers of different vegetation types (P < 0.05), and different capital letters indicate significant differences in different soil layers of the same vegetation type (P < 0.05).

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