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    基于SWMM模拟的首钢西十地块低影响开发系统雨洪调控效果研究

    Effects of rain flood control about low impact development system in West 10 Plot of Shougang based on the SWMM simulation

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的根据《新首钢高端产业综合服务区控制性详细规划》要求，首钢西十项目以消纳北京市3年一遇24 h降雨量(108 mm)为目标进行低影响开发系统设计，从雨水渗透滞留与储存利用两个角度考虑，以西十地块的现状特征为依据制定相应的设计策略。
      方法针对渗透滞留系统，通过SWMM建立低影响开发模型和传统开发模型，模拟不同重现期(1年一遇、2年一遇、3年一遇、5年一遇、10年一遇、20年一遇)24 h降雨条件下的径流排放过程，对比分析两种开发模式的径流总量、峰值流量和峰现时间；针对储蓄利用系统，通过SWMM模拟2017年全年降雨过程，以周为单位统计外源雨水调蓄池收集的径流总量，与西十地块植物灌溉需水量相比较，分析雨水调蓄池中收集径流的利用情况。
      结果(1) 依据场地现状在其内部设计绿色屋顶、透水铺装、下凹绿地、植草沟、生物滞留池、雨水调蓄池6种LID设施，在1年一遇、2年一遇、3年一遇、5年一遇、10年一遇、20年一遇的降雨条件下，西十地块低影响开发系统对径流总量的削减率为100%、100%、100%、78.79%、50.41%、34.73%；对峰值流量的削减率为100%、100%、100%、70.12%、33.33%、19.44%，1~3年重现期峰值消失，其后峰值出现时间推迟375、310、240 min。(2)2017年，外源雨水地块雨水调蓄池接纳径流总量9 617 m3，径流收集主要集中在第25~35周，单周最大收水总量为2 078 m3，发生在第27周(6月初)，第1~20周、43~52周收水量基本为0；2017年第25周、第27周、第29~32周、第34~35周、第41周雨水调蓄池收集径流量在满足本周灌溉需求后仍有余量，冬季雨水调蓄池空置率较大。
      结论(1) 低影响开发设施对雨洪问题具有良好的调控效果，可以减少径流总量、峰值流量和推迟峰现时间，但随着时间的推迟削减能力逐渐减弱。低影响开发系统的雨洪调控能力具有上限。(2)根据北京市2017年全年降雨量日值统计，外源雨水地块雨水调蓄池中径流收集的利用率为43.65%，有30周(210 d)雨水调蓄池空置率为100%，较为浪费。在进行低影响开发系统设计时，应综合考虑成本造价等因素。

       

      Abstract:
      ObjectiveAccording to the requirements of New Shougang High-End Industry Comprehensive Service Area Control Detailed Planning, West 10 Project carries out rainwater system with the goal of eliminating Beijing's 3-year return period of 24 hours rainfall (108 mm). This study corresponds rainwater system design strategy according to the current characteristics, which concludes rainwater infiltration-retention system and storage-utilization system.
      MethodFor the infiltration-retention system, two development models of low impact development and traditional development were established through SWMM, simulating rainwater runoff discharge under 24 hours rainfall in different return periods (1, 2, 3, 5, 10 and 20 years) to analyze the regulative effect of two development models in total runoff, peak flow as well as time of peak flow appearance. For the storage-utilization system, simulating the annual rainfall process in 2017 through SWMM and counting the total amount of rainwater collected by the rain retention barrel on a weekly basis, which was compared with the irrigation water demand of the West 10 Plot was to analyze the utilization of rainwater collected in the rain retention barrel.
      Result(1) According to the current situation of the site, West 10 Plot had been designed six LID facilities, which was green roof, permeable pavement, rain garden, vegetative swale, bio-retention cell and rain retention barrel. In the return periods from 1 to 20 years, the reduction rate of the runoff volume of the low-impact development system in West 10 Plot was 100%, 100%, 100%, 78.79%, 50.41%, 34.73%, and the reduction rate of the peak flow was 100%, 100%, 100%, 70.12%, 33.33%, 19.44%. The peak value disappeared in the 1-3 year return periods, and the time of peak flow appearance was delayed by 375, 310 and 240 min. (2) The rain retention barrel of exogenous rainwater area stored 9 617 m3 rainfall for the whole year of 2017. The rainwater collection was mainly concentrated in the 25th to 35th week. The maximum water collection per week was 2 078 m3, which occurred in the 27th week (at the beginning of June), the water collection in the first to 20th week and the 43th to 52nd week was basically zero. In week 25, 27, 29-32, 34-35 and 41 of 2017, the amount of water collected in the rain retention barrels was still sufficient after meeting the irrigation demand of the West 10 Plot, and the vacancy rate of the rainwater storage barrels in winter was relatively high.
      Conclusion(1) LID facilities had a good control effect on rain-flood problems, which can reduce the total runoff, peak flow and delay the peak time. However, with the delay of time, the capacity of LID was gradually weakened, so it can be seen that the rain-flood control capacity of low-impact development systems had an upper limit. (2)According to the statistics of the annual rainfall daily value of 2017 in Beijing, the utilization rate of runoff collection in the rain retention barrel of the exogenous rainwater area was 43.65%, and the vacancy rate of the rain retention barrel in 30 weeks (210 days) was 100%, which was relatively wasteful. Therefore, the cost and other factors should be taken into account in the low-impact development system design.

       

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