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    李明鲁, 吴兆飞, 邱华, 张春雨, 赵秀海. 采伐对吉林蛟河阔叶红松林生态功能的短期影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2019, 41(9): 40-49. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180442
    引用本文: 李明鲁, 吴兆飞, 邱华, 张春雨, 赵秀海. 采伐对吉林蛟河阔叶红松林生态功能的短期影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2019, 41(9): 40-49. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180442
    Li Minglu, Wu Zhaofei, Qiu Hua, Zhang Chunyu, Zhao Xiuhai. Short-term effects of tending felling on ecological services of mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forests at Jiaohe in Jilin Province, northeastern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2019, 41(9): 40-49. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180442
    Citation: Li Minglu, Wu Zhaofei, Qiu Hua, Zhang Chunyu, Zhao Xiuhai. Short-term effects of tending felling on ecological services of mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forests at Jiaohe in Jilin Province, northeastern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2019, 41(9): 40-49. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180442

    采伐对吉林蛟河阔叶红松林生态功能的短期影响

    Short-term effects of tending felling on ecological services of mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forests at Jiaohe in Jilin Province, northeastern China

    • 摘要:
      目的为研究采伐强度对森林生态系统功能的影响,对森林生态服务功能评价体系建立提供意见,并对今后阔叶红松林经营管理提出建议和对策。
      方法以吉林蛟河林业实验管理局阔叶红松林为研究对象,分别设置采伐强度为0(对照CK)、15%(弱度采伐LT)、35%(中度采伐MT)、50%(强度采伐HT)的4块样地。采用国家林业和草原局森林生态功能评价标准,选择森林群落结构、森林蓄积量、树种结构、森林自然度、植被总覆盖度、林分平均高、枯枝落叶厚度、郁闭度8个因子作为森林生态功能的评价因子,对比了不同强度采伐样地在采伐前、采伐后和采伐4年后生态功能的差异。
      结果(1)采伐前,各样地生态功能指数均为0.83,采伐后,不同强度采伐样地生态功能指数出现显著差异,未采伐(0.83) > 弱度采伐(0.71) > 中度采伐(0.67) > 强度采伐(0.53)。4年后,各采伐样地生态功能指数差异逐渐减小,其中弱度采伐样地的生态功能指数恢复到采伐前状态(0.83),中度采伐样地和强度采伐样地也都有不同程度的改善,生态功能指数分别为0.77和0.61。(2)林分蓄积年均增长率随着采伐强度呈先增加后减少的趋势。(3)采伐对阔叶红松混交林优势种的生长起到了一定促进作用,而对林分树高的生长并没有产生明显的促进作用。
      结论低强度采伐后,森林生态功能能在短时间内恢复,并表现出更好的生长潜力,提高了人类对木材资源的利用,使森林综合效益得到改善;而大强度的采伐会严重破坏森林生态系统的稳定性,影响生态系统功能,使其在短时间内无法恢复。综合考虑,采伐强度在15%比较合理,建议不超过35%。

       

      Abstract:
      ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the effects of tending felling on forest ecological services, to provide advice for the establishment of forest ecological function evaluation system and for the management of mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest in the future.
      MethodTaking the mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forests of Forestry Experimental Administration in Jiaohe, Jilin Province, northeastern China as the research object,establishing four different harvesting intensity plots of 0 (control, CK), 15% (light treatment, LT), 35% (moderate treatment, MT) and 50% (high treatment, HT). Based on the evaluation factors and criteria of forest ecological function of the State Forestry Administration, eight factors, including forest volume stock, forest naturalness, forest community structure, tree species structure, average height of stand, total vegetation coverage, canopy closure and litter layer thickness, were selected as evaluation criteria of forest ecological function. The differences of ecological services of four plots before harvesting, after harvesting and four years later after restoration were compared.
      ResultBefore harvesting, the forest ecological function index (FEFI) of each plot was 0.83. After harvesting, there were significant differences in the FEFI of the four forest plots with different cutting intensity: control (0.83) > light treatment (0.71) > moderate treatment (0.67) > high treatment (0.53). After four years’ restoration, the difference of FEFI between each plot decreased gradually. The ecological function of the light treatment plot returned to the origional state (FEFI = 0.83), the forest ecological function of the moderate and high treatment plots also restored in varying degrees, with the FEFI was 0.77 and 0.61, respectively. (2) The annual average growth rate of forest increased first and then decreased with the cutting intensity. (3) Harvesting promotes the growth of dominant species in mixed broadleaved Korean pine forest, but has insignificant effects on the growth of stand height.
      ConclusionTending felling with light or moderate intensity can optimize the function of forest ecosystem, promote the growth of trees, improve the utilization of timber resources, and improve the ecological benefits of forests. High-intensity harvesting can seriously destroy the stability of forest ecosystem, affect the function of ecosystem, and make it unable to recover in a short time. Considering comprehensively, the cutting intensity at 15% is reasonable, and it is suggested that the cutting intensity should not exceed 25%.

       

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