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    姚杰, 宋子龙, 张春雨, 孟令君, 赵秀海. 距离和密度制约对吉林蛟河阔叶红松林幼苗生长的影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2019, 41(5): 108-117. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20190027
    引用本文: 姚杰, 宋子龙, 张春雨, 孟令君, 赵秀海. 距离和密度制约对吉林蛟河阔叶红松林幼苗生长的影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2019, 41(5): 108-117. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20190027
    Yao Jie, Song Zilong, Zhang Chunyu, Meng Lingjun, Zhao Xiuhai. Effects of distance and density dependence on seedling growth in a broadleaved Korean pine forest in Jiaohe of Jilin Province, northeastern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2019, 41(5): 108-117. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20190027
    Citation: Yao Jie, Song Zilong, Zhang Chunyu, Meng Lingjun, Zhao Xiuhai. Effects of distance and density dependence on seedling growth in a broadleaved Korean pine forest in Jiaohe of Jilin Province, northeastern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2019, 41(5): 108-117. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20190027

    距离和密度制约对吉林蛟河阔叶红松林幼苗生长的影响

    Effects of distance and density dependence on seedling growth in a broadleaved Korean pine forest in Jiaohe of Jilin Province, northeastern China

    • 摘要:
      目的生物多样性的形成和维持机制是生态学领域的核心问题,关于距离和密度制约对温带森林幼苗生长和生物量积累影响的报道目前较为缺乏。本研究探讨温带森林是否存在距离或密度制约现象,若存在,土壤病原菌是否是距离或密度制约现象的内在驱动机制。
      方法本研究基于温室控制试验,选取吉林蛟河阔叶红松林内3个树种,对其幼苗生长进行为期4个月的动态监测,分析不同试验处理(幼苗密度、距成年母体距离和土壤杀菌)对幼苗高生长和生物量的影响。
      结果红松、水曲柳和黄檗幼苗在低密度下的高生长显著高于高密度,都表现明显的负密度制约现象。土壤杀菌处理仅能显著提高水曲柳幼苗的高生长,虽然水曲柳和黄檗幼苗高生长在距母体不同距离间存在差异,但并未表现出随离母体距离增加有助于幼苗生长的现象,研究结果不符合距离制约现象。水曲柳和黄檗幼苗根、茎、叶以及总生物量积累仅与幼苗密度显著相关,且在低密度下的根、茎、叶以及总生物量积累显著高于高密度,同样表现出负密度制约现象。而距母体距离和土壤杀菌处理对幼苗根、茎、叶以及总生物量积累均无显著影响。
      结论该温带森林中存在明显的负密度制约现象,但不存在距离制约现象。本研究认为引起幼苗密度制约性生长的因素是种内竞争,而土壤病原菌作用非常有限,且研究结果不支持距离制约性生长;其次,距离制约证据的缺乏表明,该温带森林中的病原菌并不具有强烈的宿主专一性,对幼苗密度制约性生长起作用的可能是非特异性病原菌。未来还需深入探讨种内、种间竞争和非特异性病原菌对幼苗生长的相对作用。

       

      Abstract:
      ObjectiveElucidating the maintenance of diversity in plant communities has long been a challenge for ecologists and a key goal of community ecology. Reports on the effects of distance and density dependence on seedling growth in temperate forests are currently lacking. We explore whether there is a distance or density dependence in temperate forests. If so, whether soil pathogens are the driving factors for distance or density dependence.
      MethodBased on the greenhouse experiment, we selected three tree species in a broadleaved Korean pine forest in Jiaohe in Jilin Province of northeastern China to monitor the seedling growth for 4 months. We analyzed the effects of the seedling density, distance to adult tree (parental distances) and soil sterilization on seedling height growth and seedling biomass.
      ResultThe results showed that the height growth of Pinus koraiensis, Fraxinus mandschurica and Phellodendron amurense seedlings at low seedling density was significantly higher than that of high seedling density, indicating that there was significantly negative density dependence in our temperate forest. However, soil sterilization can only significantly increase the height growth of F. mandschurica seedlings. Although the height growth of F. mandschurica and P. amurense seedlings was significantly affected by the parental distances, it didn’t show the trend that the seedling height grew well with increasing distance from the adult tree. Thus, our results didn’t meet the phenomenon of distance dependence growth. We found that the root, stem, leaf and total biomass of F. mandschurica and P. amurense seedlings were only significantly correlated with seedling density. The root, stem, leaf and total biomass at low seedling density were significantly higher than that of high seedling density, indicating that biomass accumulation was also affected by density dependence growth. The parental distances and soil sterilization, however, had no significant effect on seedling root, stem, leaf and total biomass.
      ConclusionThe results show that there is obvious negative density dependence growth in the temperate forest, but there is no distance dependence growth. This study suggests that the factor that causes the negative density dependence growth maybe the strong intraspecific competition, while the role of soil pathogens is very limited. Our results do not support the distance dependence growth. Second, the lack of evidence of distance dependence growth indicates that the soil pathogens in our temperate forest do not have intense host specificity. The generalist soil pathogens may play a role in negative density dependence growth. In the future, it is necessary to further explore the relative importance of the intra- and inter-specific competition and generalist soil pathogens in driving the seedling growth.

       

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